Suchergebnisse

Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated the existence of a link between the emotional and cognitive centres of the brain and peripheral functions through the bi-directional interaction between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Therefore, the use of bacteria as therapeutics has attracted much interest. Recent research has found that there are a variety of mechanisms by which bacteria can signal to the brain and influence several processes in relation to neurotransmission, neurogenesis, and behaviour. Data derived from both in vitro experiments and in vivo clinical trials have supported some of these new health implications. While recent molecular advancement has provided strong indications to support and justify the role of the gut microbiota on the gut–brain axis, it is still not clear whether manipulations through probiotics and prebiotics administration could be beneficial in the treatment of neurological problems. The understanding of the gut microbiota and its activities is essential for the generation of future personalized healthcare strategies. Here, we explore and summarize the potential beneficial effects of probiotics and prebiotics in the neurodevelopmental process and in the prevention and treatment of certain neurological human diseases, highlighting current and future perspectives in this topic. ; This work was supported by the European Union's 7th Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 613979 (MyNewGut Project 2013/KB/613979) ; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) BFU2012-40254-C03-01. ; Tomás Cerdó participated in the Ph.D. Program in Biomedicine of the University of Granada and is a fellow of the FPI (BES-2013-065133) program at the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.

[Abstract] Currently, there are still few studies on the tactical and contextual criteria that determine offensive success in women's soccer. The objectives of this study were to discover contextual and tactical criteria that show an association with success in elite women's soccer and to establish a multivariate predictive model for the offensive phase. For this, 2323 ball possessions were analyzed in FIFA Women's World Cup 2019 via direct observation. In addition, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with women's soccer coaches and players. For direct observation, a bivariate analysis between the analysed criteria and possession's outcome was suggested. Additionally, a multivariate predictive analysis was proposed via a decision tree method. To analyze the interviews, a sequential analysis of delays and polar coordinates analysis were carried out. It was established a multi-variant model of offensive success based on possession zone (middle offensive), initial offensive intention (progress) and start zone (preoffensive or offensive) criteria. The probability of offensive success was 75.2% interactively between those criteria. In addition, the analysis of the interviews allowed us to conclude that criteria related to technical–tactical performance, decision-making and physical capacities of the players will be decisive in increasing the probabilities of success. ; The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish government subproject Mixed method approach on performance analysis (in training and competition) in elite and academy sport [PGC2018-098742-B-C33] (2019–2021) [del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)], that is part of the coordinated project New approach of research in physical activity and sport from mixed methods perspective (NARPAS_MM) [SPGC201800X098742CV0].

[Abstrac] Women's football is a phenomenon that is experiencing an unstoppable increase in recent years. The objective of this study was to analyze how ball possessions are performed in highperformance women's football. For this, the 52 matches played by all the national teams participating in the Women's World Cup 2015 were analyzed. A total of 3740 ball possessions were examined. Using the "move outcome" variable as a reference criterion, a statistically significant relationship was found between possessions that ended in success and possessions that have failed. Specifically, the successful possessions were those that were made in the offensive zone, with a clear intention to progress towards the rival goal, with a low number of passes, and made in the second half of the matches. The results of the logistic regression showed that the proposed model is statistically significant, with an acceptable explanatory capacity. Finally, the results of the decision tree evidence the success of those possessions aiming at a quick completion, with very few passes and the offensive zone as a priority area for the possession. ; The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish government subproject: Mixed method approach on performance analysis (in training and competition) in elite and academy sport (PGC2018-098742-B-C33) (2019–2021) (del Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIU), la Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)), which is part of the coordinated project: New approach of research in physical activity and sport from mixed methods perspective (NARPAS_MM) (SPGC201800X098742CV0)

[Abstract] The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the situational match status variable on the ball possession of the teams that participated in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The 52 games played during the championship have been collected, and 3,740 ball possessions made by the teams were analyzed. The teams have been divided into successful and unsuccessful. Three types of analysis have been carried out: a univariate analysis for both groups with the categorical and continuous variables selected; a bivariate analysis, using chi-square tests and the exact Fischer test; and finally, a multivariable technique such as the decision trees was incorporated. The available results show significant differences between the two groups considered. Specifically, there are significant differences between winning and losing teams in terms of match status. The results of the post hoc test have shown that unsuccessful teams make few ball possessions with a winning match status, most of the possessions are performed when they are losing. Instead, successful teams make more possessions when they are winning than when they are losing. Also, spend more time keeping the ball in their offensive zone, and completing a greater number of passes in it. The results of the decision tree identified that the unsuccessful teams have more ball possessions in forward and middle lines with a draw during the first half, while in the second, a large percentage of possessions are made with an unfavorable match status. Instead, the successful teams have more ball possessions in the first part with a draw, while in the second it happens with a favorable match status. ; [Resumen] El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el efecto de la variable situacional del estado del partido en la posesión del balón de los equipos que participaron en la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA 2015. Se han recolectado los 52 juegos jugados durante el campeonato, y se analizaron 3,740 posesiones de pelota hechas por los equipos. Los equipos se han dividido en exitosos y no exitosos. Se han llevado a cabo tres tipos de análisis: un análisis univariado para ambos grupos con las variables categóricas y continuas seleccionadas; un análisis bivariado, usando pruebas de chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fischer; y finalmente, se incorporó una técnica multivariable como los árboles de decisión. Los resultados disponibles muestran diferencias significativa entre los dos grupo considerados. Específicamente, existen diferencias significativas entre los equipos ganadores y perdedores en términos del estado del partido. Los resultados de la La prueba post hoc ha demostrado que los equipos que no tienen éxito hacen pocas posesiones de balón con un estado de partido ganador, la mayoría de las posesiones se realizan cuando están perdiendo. En cambio, los equipos exitosos hacen más posesiones cuando ganan que cuando pierden. Además, pase más tiempo manteniendo la pelota en su zona ofensiva y completando un mayor número de pases en ella. Los resultados del árbol de decisiones identificaron que los equipos sin éxito tienen más posesiones de pelota en las líneas delantera y media con un empate durante la primera mitad, mientras que en la segunda, un gran porcentaje de las posesiones se hacen con un estado de partido desfavorable. En cambio, los equipos exitosos tienen más posesiones de pelota en la primera parte con un empate, mientras que en la segunda sucede con un estado de partido favorable. ; The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish government subproject Mixed method approach on performance analysis (in training and competition) in elite and academy sport (PGC2018-098742-B-C33) (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema I + D + i), that is part of the coordinated project New approach of research in physical activity and sport from mixed methods perspective (NARPAS_MM) (SPGC201800 × 098742CV0)

[Abstract] The analysis of football grows exponentially, with many researchers adopting it as an object of study. The thematic range that addresses it, as well as the different methodologies used, are of a very different nature—physical, psychological, technical, tactical—enriching every day the knowledge, and understanding of the game itself. The objective of this study has been to identify the differences between the different styles of play that lead to becoming the champion of the UEFA Champions League in the last 3 years of the pre-COVID stage, by analyzing the spatial performance developed, the association between the players that make up the different lines of the game system and the analysis of the various technical actions that are developed to carry out the offensive phase of each team. For this, the Observational Methodology and two types of analysis have been used: quantitative, by calculating X2, and qualitative, by applying the Polar Coordinates technique. The results obtained show the relationship that is established between the different lines that make up the offensive systems of the champion teams of this competition, as well as the relationship of significance that is established between the use of space—width and depth—and the technical means used to achieve success, the goal. ; The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of a Spanish Government subproject Mixed method approach on performance analysis (in training and competition) in elite and academy sport (PGC2018-098742-B-C33) (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema I+D+i), that is part of the coordinated project New approach of research in physical activity and sport from mixed methods perspective (NARPAS_MM) (SPGC201800 × 098742CV0)