Suchergebnisse

La Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI) surgió como una propuesta de la Conferencia de Plenipotenciarios de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) de 1998 en Seattle. La Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas respaldó esta iniciativa como un medio eficaz de desarrollar un marco global para la sociedad de la información que ayude a alcanzar los objetivos de la Declaración del Milenio , en el entendido de que las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) pueden constituirse en una herramienta esencial de democratización y desarrollo si se logra superar la "brecha digital" que divide a los habitantes del mundo entre info-ricos e info-pobres.

La Cumbre Mundial sobre la Sociedad de la Información (CMSI) surgió como una propuesta de la Conferencia de Plenipotenciarios de la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) de 1998 en Seattle. La Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas respaldó esta iniciativa como un medio eficaz de desarrollar un marco global para la sociedad de la información que ayude a alcanzar los objetivos de la Declaración del Milenio , en el entendido de que las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) pueden constituirse en una herramienta esencial de democratización y desarrollo si se logra superar la "brecha digital" que divide a los habitantes del mundo entre info-ricos e info-pobres.

The humanitarian sector is active at the global frontline of climate impacts, and has a track record in influencing the climate change policy agenda. Geoengineering is a humanitarian concern: the potential for deliberate large‐scale intervention in the Earth's climate system has major implications in terms of impacts on the most vulnerable. Yet, so far the humanitarian community has largely been absent from geoengineering deliberations. Geoengineering may be perceived as too theoretical, too complex, and not imminent enough to merit attention. However, early engagement by the sector is imperative to ensure that humanitarian considerations are integrated into policy decisions. Those who can suffer the worst outcomes need to be involved; especially given the plausibility of "predatory geoengineering" where recklessly self‐concerned actions may result in harmful consequences to others. This paper explores the humanitarian dimensions of geoengineering, specifically relating to solar radiation management (SRM). Drawing from the engagement of the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre in SRM discussions, we discuss how to improve linkages between science, policy and humanitarian practice. We further propose the creation of a geoengineering risk management framework to ensure that the interests of the most vulnerable are considered and addressed ‐ including the voices of all stakeholders.

AbstractA changing climate means more work for humanitarian organizations. Vulnerable people served by the Red Cross/Red Crescent Movement are likely to experience new patterns of disasters. In the face of these rising dangers, science-based information about likely threats can be used to reduce risk and improve resource allocation. Examples such as the 2008 emergency appeal for flood preparedness in West Africa illustrate the benefits of turning early warnings into early actions at community, national, and regional levels, at timescales ranging from hours to decades ahead of a looming threat. By making better use of a wide range of new information, humanitarian organizations can enhance their work even in the face of the rising risks of climate change.

Current approaches to vulnerability assessment for disaster-risk reduction (DRR) commonly apply generalised, a priori determinants of vulnerability to particular hazards in particular places. Although they may allow for policy-level legibility at high levels of spatial scale, these approaches suffer from attribution problems that become more acute as the level of analysis is localised and the population under investigation experiences greater vulnerability. In this article, we locate the source of this problem in a spatial scale mismatch between the essentialist framings of identity behind these generalised determinants of vulnerability and the intersectional, situational character of identity in the places where DRR interventions are designed and implemented. Using the Livelihoods as Intimate Government (LIG) approach to identify and understand different vulnerabilities to flooding in a community in southern Zambia, we empirically demonstrate how essentialist framings of identity produce this mismatch. Further, we illustrate a means of operationalising intersectional, situational framings of identity to achieve greater and more productive understandings of hazard vulnerability than available through the application of general determinants of vulnerability to specific places and cases. ; https://doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.197

AbstractDecompressive craniectomy is an urgent procedure that is increasingly used for treatment of intracranial hypertension. After recovery, reconstruction of the cranial defect is necessary. Cranioplasty is an elective procedure with a high potential for morbidity if care is not taken on different surgical factors such as the material used as the cranial flap. In Latin America, high costs in some materials used in cranioplasty make its use prohibitive for some patients and institutions, and looking for alternatives has become a priority in neurosurgical centers. An autologous bone flap is an excellent option possessing the characteristics of an ideal material for cranioplasty. Nevertheless, its use is associated with high morbidity and flap failure. We report our mono-institutional experience in a 10-year period of a hybrid technique for cranioplasty using an autologous bone flap with titanium plates. Sixty-five patients underwent the technique, with good cosmetic results in 89.2% and success in functional result in 90.8% of patients . No significant statistical differences were found on the timing of the surgery or the location of the cranial defect. We had a 1.5% rate of surgical site infection, less than that reported on previous series. We propose that the hybrid technique of cranioplasty is a safety and effective option for cranial defect reconstruction.