Suchergebnisse

Legal diversity is evident in Indonesian criminal law, which is based on colonial law, and the existing social structures in the country. Furthermore, the 1945 Constitution specifies that as long as customary law groups exist, the state respects and preserves them and their historical rights. To accommodate written and unwritten conventions, diverse legal politics messo (intermediaries) implement macro-legal politics through various legislation. According to Agrarian Law, for example, there has been little recognition that customary law exists. The evolution of Indonesian law depends on recognizing and promoting the country's substantial plurality of legal systems.

The arrival of Dutch at Banjarmasin has become the historical pillar which signifies the changes in the life of people in many aspects. In an economic aspect, it introduced money economy. From a political aspect, it created centered administration and managed government system. This system management was refuted by the nobles because it did not suit local people system which had been long established and passed down from generation to generation. Despite this objection, the colonial government insisted on performing the management of government system in order to achieve its political goal.After the conquest of Banjarmasin in 1860, the power of colonial government got stronger. As a result, the government performed the implementation of policies and consolidation in the effort to manage administration. The Dutch Colonial government kept insisting on the idea of the administration management to ensure monitoring and centralized governance. The government's policy had greatly influenced the mind set and perspective of the society about the importance of administration. The implementation of this administration system on the city government has resulted in changes which are greatly contrast with the prevailing culture. The status of people was no longer determined by its family background, but their position in government determined the level of social status. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um020v12i22017p120

The House of Representatives is a central legislative body that represents the people in parliament. The authority of each legislative member and as an institution has been regulated by legislation. The authority of the House of Representatives as an institution is huge, and the great power tends to be misused, such as committing a criminal act of corruption. Corruption is a crime that is very detrimental to the state's finances and hinders the government to prosper its people, then a justice-based arrangement is needed to prevent corruption within The House of Repre-sentatives as a legislative body.

TNI/ABRI lahir dari rakyat.- berjuang bersama-sama dan untuk kepentingan rakyat- melaksanakan fungsi pertahanan keamanan dan fungsi sosial politik. Sejak Proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 sampai sekarang TNI/ABRI telah membuktikan kemampuanya dalam mempertahankan, mengawal, dan mengisi kemerdekaan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kebersamaan dan kemanunggalan TNI/ABRI ini telah membentuk jatidiri TNI/abri sebagai tentara nasional.Sejarah perjuangan dan pembangunan bangsa menunjukan bahwa perjalanan dalam mengisi kemerdekaan itu tidak berjalan mulus, tetapi menghadapi banyak ancaman, gangguan, hambatan, dan tantangan (AGHT), baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, baik yang berasal dari luar maupun dlam negeri. Menghadapi hakikat ancaman tersebut, kebersamaan TNI/ABRI dan rakyat telah membentuk sinergi kekuatan yang ampuh dan telah teruji mampu mengatasinya

This article aimed to examine the relationship and linkages between education and economic based theory of endogenous growth models of Solow and its adaptation. Discussions were associated with various studies that have been conducted both in Indonesia and other countries along with few applied examples. The results showed that the stimulation of investment for education is higher than the physical investment in the long run. Referring to the results, it was concluded that: 1) the causal relationship between the role of education and economic growth becomes more and more evident and stronger; 2) the education sector as a major driver of economic development dynamics encourages long-term process of structural transformation n as the education has a high rate of return in the future. The proportional and appropriate government spending targeted for education programs (universal education) impacted to economic growth. Recommendations for improvement and expansion of equitable access and quality was a must for all citizens. Concretely, citizens' involvement with the voluntary movement education community was supposed to be extended to immediately realize the ideals of the Indonesian nation as well as a welfare state. ABSTRAKArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan dan keterkaitan antara pendidikan dengan ekonomi didasarkan teori model pertumbuhan endogenous Solow dan adaptasinya. Pembahasan dikaitkan dengan berbagai kajian studi yang telah dilakukan baik di Indonesia maupun negara lain dan contoh-contoh terapan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa investasi bidang pendidikan merupakan stimulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan investasi fisik dalam jangka panjang. Mengacu hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan: 1) hubungan kausalitas antara peran pendidikan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi menjadi semakin terbukti dan kuat; 2) sektor pendidikan sebagai penggerak utama dinamika perkembangan ekonomi semakin mendorong proses transformasi struktural berjangka panjang, karena pendidikan memberikan high rate of return di masa mendatang. Pengeluaran pemerintah secara proporsional dan tepat sasaran terhadap program pendidikan (rintisan wajib belajar 12 tahun atau pendidikan menengah universal) memberikan dampak percepatan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Rekomendasi terhadap perbaikan dan perluasan akses secara berkeadilan dan bermutu merupakan keharusan bagi semua warga negara. Secara konkret, keterlibatan masyarakat terhadap gerakan sadar pendidikan hendaknya semakin diperluas agar cita-cita mencerdaskan bangsa Indonesia segera terwujud seiring dengan meningkatnya negara kesejahteraan.

Vēḏa is considered as the ultimate source of knowledge and the value of the Vēḏic oral tradition is reason for it being termed as masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage of humanity. This value of Vēḏic music is comprised in its antiquity as well as its continuity in the applicability of some common principles instantiated in music and language. Mankind's earliest ideas of music and methods of protecting mantras found in Vēḏic literature are reflected even in Indian popular music; especially in catch lines of jingles sometimes unconscious of its base in Vēḏa. They are instantiated due mainly to underlying linguistic commonality in Indian and other related languages. Present is an analysis, with instances, of the manner in which principles of Vēḏic music have survived the vagaries of time and manifested in different popular Indian music genres today. In fact, these principles that have dealt with tonal, temporal, metrical, and linguistic aspects, to name a few, in Vēḏic enunciations have helped not only Indian music but also musics of the world. This universalization stems from biological, scientific, spiritual, and linguistic observations made by the Vēḏic people. Continuity is evidenced thanks to preservation techniques and formulae based on these observations. This article is a cultural study of music in Vēḏas and Indian popular music and how change and universalization have not happened at the cost of continuity in Vēḏic musical principles intertwined with linguistics.