Higher education institutions (HEI) are encouraged to develop Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS) that could assist the process of external audit, accreditation and to face the tight competition. General phenomenon of HEI'sIQAS,so far, is still away from qualified and even practically tends to be manipulative. This literature-based article aims to review the role of leadership in campus political practice and the urgence of external professional usage in order to improve internal quality assurance in HEI. The study reveals that improper campus political practice has become the bottleneck for the effectiveness of IQAS. It needs a fundamental change of top leader's paradigm, particularly in the policy of internal auditor placement. A revolutionary breakthrough of hiring external professional tobe placed as internal auditor seems to be needed, specifically to keep the independency and objectivity, as well as to assure the qualified performance of all units in HEI.
PurposeThis paper investigates how to design traditional ready-to-eat food packaging by manipulating its shape, font and slogan to promote consumer buying intention and willingness to pay (WTP).Design/methodology/approachTwo package designs, interplaying the square shapes (vertical vs horizontal), font formality (formal vs less formal/casual) and slogans (ethno-positioning vs short and catchy), were created and tested in an online experiment with 483 participants.FindingsThe results revealed that the differed package designs elicited relatively equal levels of attractiveness to consumers and their buying intentions. However, the designs significantly differentiated consumers' WTP. The results further show the significant direct and indirect effects on WTP of packaging attractiveness when it is moderated by package designs and mediated by buying intention. However, the varied package designs did not have significant direct or indirect impacts on WTP when mediated by packaging attractiveness and buying intention.Practical implicationsThe vertical square-shaped packaging, written in a less formal font and highlighting a short and catchy slogan, is more financially promising for marketers to get a better price for local food products perceived as hedonic and bought impulsively on casual occasions. Furthermore, besides prominent package design elements such as font, color, size, material and picture, packaging designers or marketing practitioners should consider other supporting factors, such as shelf efficiency.Originality/valueThis study complements existing studies of "cue utilization theory" and "packaging design theory" by demonstrating the importance of extrinsic packaging cues, such as shape, font style and slogan, in improving consumers' WTP for traditional food products. The study also fills some gaps in the literature by exploring the direct, mediating and moderating relationships between package design, packaging attractiveness, buying intention and WTP, especially in an emerging market such as Indonesia.
Conflicts of interest are the entry point for the abuse of power and corruption. The implementation of a manipulative ex-officio system that tends to perpetuate the oligarchy will cause a corrupt behavior in the governance of private higher education institutions. To date, studies on ex-officio related to higher education governance have never been discussed academically. The purpose of this study, thus, aims to criticize the application of ex-officio and its potential consequences in the supervision system at private higher education institutions. The study used a qualitative exploratory and the literature study was employed. The result reveals that the ex-officio is a legal model used in many higher education institutions. However, in its application it can lead to conflicts of interest and abuse of power which in turn has the potential of corrupt behavior university governance.
