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PurposeThe current paper is an attempt to evaluate the role of CBOs in promoting citizen participation in the decision-making process of local government institutions of Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan. Among the most used evaluation techniques of participatory citizenship, the researchers have used an outcome driven approach based on "social goals." Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which CBOs have been effectual for the promotion of participatory citizenship in decision making of local government institutions in Punjab, Pakistan. In addition, the paper also explores the influence and success level of CBOs in incorporating the preferences and needs of public in decision-making of local government services.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, data have been collected through a self-administered survey questionnaire including both open and close-ended questions. A total of 424 questionnaires were collected from citizens, local government officials and CBO members. Standard survey techniques such as frequency distribution and comparative analyses were used for data analysis.FindingsIn assessing the role of CBOs in educating all the stakeholders and the general public as well as to ascertain the incorporation of public needs and values into local government decision making, the paper finds that the effectiveness of CBOs is very low to fulfill its objectives. The study suggests the need to have more programs to educate CBOs, enhance public awareness campaigns and also to put into place proper mechanisms to incorporate and evaluate the public needs.Originality/valueThis paper fulfills the much-needed research gap by the exploring the unknown contribution of CBOs in Pakistan. The paper has added value to the current literature by highlighting that unless there is strong political will and eagerness of local bureaucracy to give up their powers, the inclusion of citizen participation through CBOs in decision making of local government would just be a futile exercise.

Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Nascency of Creative City Development in Malaysia -- 1.2 Creative City as Viable Urban Development Strategy -- 1.3 The Growing Importance of Creative Economy in Malaysia -- 1.3.1 Malaysia's Overall Development Trajectory -- 1.3.2 Creative Sectors as New Economic Catalyst in Malaysia -- 1.4 Why Study Creative City Development in Malaysia? -- References -- Chapter 2: Creative City Discourse -- 2.1 Early Definitions from the West -- 2.2 Fathoming Creative City Discourse from Eastern Lenses -- 2.3 Western Versus Eastern Lenses: Convergence or Divergence? -- References -- Chapter 3: The Creative City Concept: A Critique -- 3.1 Fuzzy Conceptualisation of Cultural Industries -- 3.2 Why It Is Problematic to Quantify Culture and Creativity? -- 3.3 Threat of Cultural Homogenisation: A Challenge to Cultural Policy -- 3.4 Widening Urban Economic Disparity and Socio-Spatial Inequality -- 3.5 An Urban-Centric, Urban Biased and Exclusive Concept -- 3.6 The Creative Class: A Controversial Terminology -- 3.7 Testing the Creative City Concept for Malaysia -- References -- Chapter 4: The Malaysian Scenario: Setting the Context -- 4.1 Malaysia: An Overview -- 4.2 Grounding Creative City Narrative in Malaysia -- 4.2.1 National Cultural Policy (NCP) -- 4.2.2 New Economic Policy (NEP) -- 4.2.3 National Urbanisation Policy 2 (NUP2) -- 4.3 Classification and Taxonomy -- 4.4 Challenges of the Malaysian Creative City Agenda -- 4.4.1 Stakeholders' Non-cohesive and Fragmented Efforts -- 4.4.2 Absence of Baseline Data and National Aggregated Statistics -- 4.4.3 Conceptual Confusion and Misnomer -- 4.4.4 What Culture? Whose Culture? Whose Creativity? -- 4.5 Efficacy of Creative City Strategy for Urban Sustainability.

Being inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage City since 2008, this scenario calls into question the voices, the participation and the aspirations of George Town residents themselves in the process of planning and conserving their city. As an extension of a similar project undertaken in 2006, prior to the UNESCO listing, the present study sought to explore and understand the residents' perceptions and preferences of George Town as a Heritage City after the UNESCO listing. Using the same set of samples (i.e. 400 inner city residents), the findings from this study revealed the change of residents' preference as well as their appreciation towards the value of heritage and its economic potential. More respondents are supportive on the protection of heritage buildings and maintaining a heritage city. The older generations are the advocates of the heritage houses and they are more willing to pay higher prices to own a heritage house in the city. heritage awareness, urban conservation, resident perspectives, George Town.

As the hype of the creative city model transcends Western borders to Eastern settings, Malaysian cities are fast embracing it as sine qua non urban development strategy. The global creative city model, however, is fraught with conceptual and operational ambiguities when dissecting the notions of "cultural industries" and "creative industries". The "knowledge economy-based concept of creative industries" is widely critiqued as being void of cultural content. Malaysia is also caught in this conundrum due to national aspirations to be a knowledge and creative economy. The aim of this article is to examine how the Malaysian creative city agenda is positioned within urban policy discourse as the nation's structural base shifts from industrial to services and the creative economy. Based on qualitative research techniques (i.e. interviews, focus group discussions, fieldwork observations), primary data was collected in selected Malaysian cities from 2019 to 2021. The study indicated that the creative city strategy is still nascent in Malaysia and not systematically integrated and intersected across urban policy domains. This article recommends the need to integrate the elements of culture and creativity more distinctively across all urban policy domains in the quest to develop culturally sensitive and sustainable Malaysian creative cities.