Suchergebnisse
Filter
52 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
SSRN
Evaluation of concentration procedures, sample pre-treatment, and storage condition for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 48, S. 106660-106670
ISSN: 1614-7499
AbstractCrucial information on the pandemic's spread has been gathered by monitoring the trend of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. This surveillance has highlighted that the initial concentration is a critical step of the analytical procedure due to the low viral titer that may be present in this matrix. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of two different wastewater concentration protocols to determine the most efficient and cost-effective. The two methods tested were the following: (a) a biphasic separation system with PEG-dextran and (b) a PEG/NaCl precipitation protocol. Other aspects of the detection method were also investigated including the influence of storage temperature on virus recovery and the heat treatment of pasteurization, which aims to make samples safer for operators and the environment. The PEG/NaCl precipitation method was found to perform better than the biphasic separation system, allowing for more sensitive identification of the presence of the virus and the detection of a higher viral titer than that identified with the biphasic separation in all results. Storage of the samples at 4.3±0.2°C for up to 3 weeks did not adversely affect the virus titer and the pasteurization pre-treatment increases operator safety and maintains the identification of the viral concentration.
Graphical abstract
Evaluation of alternative methods of tunnel composting (submitted by the European Composting Network) II
In: EFSA journal, Band 22, Heft 4
ISSN: 1831-4732
Microbiological safety of aged meat
In: EFSA journal, Band 21, Heft 1
ISSN: 1831-4732
Evaluation of a multi‐step catalytic co‐processing hydrotreatment for the production of renewable fuels using Category 3 animal fat and used cooking oils
In: EFSA journal, Band 20, Heft 11
ISSN: 1831-4732
Evaluation of the application for new alternative biodiesel production process for rendered fat including Category 1 animal by‐products (BDI‐RepCat(®) process, AT)
A new alternative method for the production of biodiesel from rendered fat, including animal by‐product (ABP) Category 1 tallow, was evaluated. The method consists of a conversion phase, based on esterification and transesterification in a single step (at temperature ≥ 200°C, pressure ≥ 70 bar with a retention time ≥ 15 min), using MgO as a catalyst and in the presence of methanol (10–15%), followed by vacuum distillation (at ≥ 150°C, ≤ 10 mbar) of the end‐product, biodiesel and the co‐product, glycerine. Prions (PrP(S) (c)), which are abnormal isoforms of the prion protein, were considered by the applicant to be the most resistant hazard. In accordance with previous EFSA Opinions and current expert evaluation, a reduction in prion infectivity, or detectable PrP(S) (c), of at least 6 log(10) should be achieved for the process to be considered equivalent to the processing method laid down in the Regulation (EU) No 142/2011. Published data from an experimental replication of the conversion step of the biodiesel production process under consideration were provided, which showed an at least 6 log(10) reduction in detectable PrP(S) (c), by Western blot, in tallow that had been spiked with murine and human prion strains. In addition, it was demonstrated that the presence of methanol does not affect the recovery or detection of PrP(S) (c) from a biodiesel substrate. Based on scientific literature, the vacuum distillation step has been shown to be capable of achieving an additional 3 log(10) reduction in PrP(S) (c). Therefore, the proposed alternative method is considered to be at least equivalent to the processing method laid down in the legislation for the production of biodiesel from raw materials including Category 1 ABP.
BASE
The use of the so‐called 'superchilling' technique for the transport of fresh fishery products
In: EFSA journal, Band 19, Heft 1
ISSN: 1831-4732
BSE risk posed by ruminant collagen and gelatine derived from bones
In: EFSA journal, Band 22, Heft 7
ISSN: 1831-4732
Abstract
The European Commission requested an estimation of the BSE risk (C‐, L‐ and H‐BSE) from gelatine and collagen derived from ovine, caprine or bovine bones, and produced in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 853/2004, or Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 and its implementing Regulation (EU) No 142/2011. A quantitative risk assessment was developed to estimate the BSE infectivity, measured in cattle oral infectious dose 50 (CoID50), in a small size batch of gelatine including one BSE‐infected bovine or ovine animal at the clinical stage. The model was built on a scenario where all ruminant bones could be used for the production of gelatine and high‐infectivity tissues remained attached to the skull (brain) and vertebral column (spinal cord). The risk and exposure pathways defined for humans and animals, respectively, were identified. Exposure routes other than oral via food and feed were considered and discussed but not assessed quantitatively. Other aspects were also considered as integrating evidence, like the epidemiological situation of the disease, the species barrier, the susceptibility of species to BSE and the assumption of an exponential dose–response relationship to determine the probability of BSE infection in ruminants. Exposure to infectivity in humans cannot be directly translated to risk of disease because the transmission barrier has not yet been quantified, although it is considered to be substantial, i.e. much greater amounts of infectivity would be needed to successfully infect a human and greater in the oral than in the parenteral route of exposure. The probability that no new case of BSE in the cattle or small ruminant population would be generated through oral exposure to gelatine made of ruminant bones is 99%–100% (almost certain) This conclusion is based on the current state of knowledge, the epidemiological situation of the disease and the current practices, and is also valid for collagen.
Inactivation of indicator microorganisms and biological hazards by standard and/or alternative processing methods in Category 2 and 3 animal by‐products and derived products to be used as organic fertilisers and/or soil improvers
In: EFSA journal, Band 19, Heft 12
ISSN: 1831-4732
Evaluation of the application for new alternative biodiesel production process for rendered fat including Category 1 animal by‐products (BDI‐RepCat® process, AT)
In: EFSA journal, Band 19, Heft 4
ISSN: 1831-4732
Guidance on date marking and related food information: part 2 (food information)
In: EFSA journal, Band 19, Heft 4
ISSN: 1831-4732
Evaluation of the application for new alternative biodiesel production process for rendered fat including Category 1 animal by-products (BDI-RepCat® process, AT)
A new alternative method for the production of biodiesel from rendered fat, including animal by‐product (ABP) Category 1 tallow, was evaluated. The method consists of a conversion phase, based on esterification and transesterification in a single step (at temperature ≥ 200°C, pressure ≥ 70 bar with a retention time ≥ 15 min), using MgO as a catalyst and in the presence of methanol (10–15%), followed by vacuum distillation (at ≥ 150°C, ≤ 10 mbar) of the end‐product, biodiesel and the co‐product, glycerine. Prions (PrPSc), which are abnormal isoforms of the prion protein, were considered by the applicant to be the most resistant hazard. In accordance with previous EFSA Opinions and current expert evaluation, a reduction in prion infectivity, or detectable PrPSc, of at least 6 log10 should be achieved for the process to be considered equivalent to the processing method laid down in the Regulation (EU) No 142/2011. Published data from an experimental replication of the conversion step of the biodiesel production process under consideration were provided, which showed an at least 6 log10 reduction in detectable PrPSc, by Western blot, in tallow that had been spiked with murine and human prion strains. In addition, it was demonstrated that the presence of methanol does not affect the recovery or detection of PrPSc from a biodiesel substrate. Based on scientific literature, the vacuum distillation step has been shown to be capable of achieving an additional 3 log10 reduction in PrPSc. Therefore, the proposed alternative method is considered to be at least equivalent to the processing method laid down in the legislation for the production of biodiesel from raw materials including Category 1 ABP. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
BASE
Guidance on date marking and related food information: part 1 (date marking)
In: EFSA journal, Band 18, Heft 12
ISSN: 1831-4732
Potential BSE risk posed by the use of ruminant collagen and gelatine in feed for non‐ruminant farmed animals
In: EFSA journal, Band 18, Heft 10
ISSN: 1831-4732
Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Tunnel Composting (submitted by the European Composting Network)
In: EFSA journal, Band 18, Heft 8
ISSN: 1831-4732