Although the rate of land use for agriculture as a percentage of total area of the different islands varies tremendously, we have no operable definition of arable area, and therefore cannot determine how much of the arable area is being used agriculturally. We cannot begin to define when a "limit" to land use occurs. Even in certain parts of Jawa and Bali, increases in land use were found between the censuses, although 40 per cent to 50 per cent were already being used for agriculture.
The Family Empowerment Post (Posdaya) has been running as a model for implementing community development, especially in rural areas in the fields of education, health and economy. However, it has only provided minimum service standards and has not been able to achieve the maximum in terms of transferring knowledge and skills to the community. Therefore, this study aimed to design an empowerment program through community education to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic. Using the qualitative case study, informants were selected purposively from the village government, Posdaya administrators and members, community and youth leaders and entrepreneurial groups. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, discussion and document analysis. Triangulation was used as verification of the data collected. The results showed that responsive, productive and innovative empowerment programs in the form of informal and vocational learning based on local resources are needed as a medium to increase motivation, knowledge and entrepreneurial skills of the community to maintain the welfare and the health of family members and village communities, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The development of economic institutions through business groups and Village-Owned Enterprises has become the foundation of the economy at the regional, urban and national levels. The study used the qualitative Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) method to identify community problems and potentials and understand deeply the situation of a community. The research targets are the Soto Klamud Business Group and the Peanut and Seed Economic Business Group which are located in the Toyareja Village, in Purbalingga. which can be used as examples of success in other research locations, namely the Kartadesa Village Owned Enterprise in Sambak Village, Kajoran District, Magelang Regency of Central Java. The data is collected through interviews, documentation, observation, and Participatory Decision Making (PDM). In addition, the informants have decided purposively namely the management of business groups and village-owned enterprises, village governments, and customers. The study used qualitative data analysis by collecting data, reducing, categorizing, verifying, triangulating, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that: (1) The process of developing socio-economic engineering in business groups must be supported by universities or academics and social institutions as activists who sustainably care about community empowerment by conducting counseling, training on institutional and business management as well as marketing, and assisting with access to partnerships. (2) Sustainable development in culinary tourism can be realized through empowerment programs such as counseling, training, and mentoring for the younger generation to become successful entrepreneur.
The Batik is a craft community that has been the identity, uniqueness, and culture riches that needs to be preserved. The study aims to create empowerment management model of batik craftsmen entrepreneurship development. The study and analysis used Research and Development methods. Data is collected through observation, deep interview, and documentation. The informant has been decided by purposive sampling, namely batik craftsmen, high school student as a generation of batik and batik observers. The research location in Susukan, Banjarneara district of Central Java Province at Indonesia. The results showed that (1) The lack of young generation of batik craftsmen, thus it requires development management through community empowerment of younger generation to preserve local cultural riches. (3) The empowerment management could be designed comprehensively and continuously by involving all parties namely the community, government, universities and private parties.
Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) are not only social and educational institutions but they should also able to develop prosperity for their students and alumni as well as their respective community. Therefore, it is important to work on the empowerment of Pesantren for their harmonization and deradicalization. The current study used Participatory Action Research method. Data was collected through observation, documentation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The selection of informants was purposive and they comprised boarding school administrators, students, community groups, activists, practitioners and experts. Study locations were the Pesantren of Nurussalam in Ciamis and Al Idrisiyyah in Tasikmalaya, West Java Province and Al Muaddib in Cilacap, Central Java. The results showed that economic empowerment of Pesantren becomes strategic and important as a medium of harmonization and deradicalization between the Pesantren and the community. Therefore, it could ward off the stigma attached to Pesantren as closed, traditional, radical and even terrorist supporting institutions. Pesantren carry out social and economic empowerment in the early stages of building and increasing motivation, mindset and mental attitude, as well as interaction and cooperation. They continue to do it by designing and implementing programs in a participatory manner involving students, alumni and the community on entrepreneurial management, product improvement, and marketing in order to promote activities that are more concerned with health, environment and renewable energy.
Development in coastal border areas is an important priority for addressing social and economic disparities and conflict through empowerment programs. The objective of the research is to analyze the empowerment as community learning based on ecotourism of coastal border. This research uses qualitative method in which Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and data collection is conducted through in-depth interview, observation, documentation analysis, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Decision Making (PDM). The research takes place in the border area of West Kalimantan namely Sebubus Village and Temajuk Village, Paloh Subdistrict, Sambas District. The informants are determined through purposive sampling consisting of empowerment activists, community leaders, village government, business groups, academics, and tourists. Data is analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results show (1) to develop ecotourism potential of mangrove forest and food processing from mangrove fruit, turtle breeding, and coastal tourism, a participatory and sustainable empowerment of community learning program is necessary. (2) Youth figures as community learning activists of ecotourism empowerment along with community leaders need support and cooperation from village and local government, as well as private parties. (3) Temajuk village in particular requires the improvement of road infrastructure, electrical lighting and telecommunication signals in order not to cause social and economic dependency and jealousy with Malaysian border areas.
Development must be an important and strategic priority, especially in the coastal border village area to prevent economic disparity, community conflict, and national disintegration. The research aims to analyze the implementation of the empowerment of coastal border of West Kalimantan. The research used qualitative methods of Participatory Learning and Action (PLA), data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, documentation analysis, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The research took place in the coastal border area of Temajuk Village, Paloh District, Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan. Informants heve been purposively selected namely activists, students, community leaders, village government, business groups, academics, and tourists. The research analysis through interactive models by collecting data, reduce, verification, categorization and conclusions. The results showed that (1) Implementation of empowerment can be carried out by conducting counseling and training so as to increase awareness, motivation, knowledge, skills and solidarity between participants from the younger generation who form ecotourism community development. (2) Community development has been successfully formed from a young generation with the name "The Borneo tail" to become an activist who preserves and manages the potential of ecotourism by having the spirit of being a public relations (tourism guide), promotional and marketing services, and typical food and beverage entrepreneurs. (3) Development must continue to be improved, namely road infrastructure, availability of electricity and access to telecommunications networks (internet) as a support in the development of ecotourism, especially in Temajuk Village which is still limited and dependent on Malaysian territory. (4) The village and regional governments, academics, activists of empowerment, environmentalists and tourists need to collaborate in carrying out sustainable ecotourism empowerment programs for Borneo tails as community development.
