Suchergebnisse

The article is devoted to the study of the legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, in the state environmental policy of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the main political and legal acts of environmental direction, both general, first of all – the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030», and focused on the protection and use of certain natural resources, objects and complexes, as well as policy documents from other spheres of public life, it was concluded that all of them directly or indirectly touch on the issues of conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and implementation of the ecosystem approach, which gives reason to speak of a certain tendency towards «ecosystemization» of the state environmental policy of Ukraine, which, according to the author, should be continued and strengthened. In addition, it is obvious that despite the successes in the legislative consolidation of these issues, it is extremely important to create the conditions for their implementation, and therefore, it is hoped that these documents would not remain declarative, but would be quickly realized in practice.

The article analyzes the provisions of the multilateral and bilateral international legal treaties of Ukraine aimed at the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of an ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that these issues are among the most important and relevant at the international legal level, therefore, our state, having assumed relevant obligations in this area, should focus its efforts to their proper reflection in the national regulatory and legal field and their practical realization. It is hoped that in the near future, the outlined issues will receive increased attention both at the level of environmental legislation and in practical terms, because according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» dated 28.02.2019, which now has the status of a leading pointer in the environmental sphere, the goal of state environmental policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach to all areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the constitutional right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment, introduction of balanced nature management and conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems.

On the grounds of the comprehensive analysis of the views of scientists, the article explores the principle of the ecosystem approach in environmental law. It is substantiated that the modern environmental legal doctrine has not yet developed a clear and unambiguous understanding of the essence of this principle and its place among other principles of environmental law, because scientists, considering this principle an independent principle, simultaneously recognize it as a sign of rational use of natural resources, identify it with the complex and sustainable use of natural resources or generally see it in the vast majority of principles of environmental law. Given the novelty, extreme intricacy and unconventionality of the principle of the ecosystem approach, it is proposed to consider it as a quintessential principle of environmental law, which, found on the objective conditions of nature's existence, denoted by the interdependence and interconditionality of all natural processes and phenomena, "permeates" all principles of environmental law and at the same time serves as their backbone, the essence. The article concludes by emphasizing the need to rethink environmental law and its principles on the basis of the ecosystem approach.

The article is devoted to the study of the ecosystem as an object of environmental law through the prism of the ecosystem approach – the newest strategy aimed at shifting the emphasis from the management of individual natural objects to the management of ecosystems that are of direct importance to humanity. The doctrinal views on the ecosystem as an object of environmental law and its place among other objects of legal regulation are analyzed. The opinion is substantiated that the implementation of the ecosystem approach into environmental law provides for the transformation of this branch of law at the level of the object composition and the recognition of the ecosystem as its central object. It has been suggested that with a change in the structural organization of environmental law, when the ecosystem will be recognized as its central object, and all other objects will be considered in the ecosystem context, the ecosystem concept will have the status of the main paradigm of environmental law and, probably, subsequently, being quite «ecosystemocentric», environmental law will be transformed into «ecosystem law», just as environmental legislation will finally be based on a single scientific concept – the concept of an ecosystem, which significantly activates the process of codification of environmental legislation in the form of developing an «Ecosystem Code». Such position is certainly debatable and can be critically perceived in scientific circles, and therefore requires a comprehensive development and justification. At the same time, the very formulation of the question of the place of the ecosystem among the objects of environmental law can start a lively and fruitful scientific discussion that will help to develop an optimal model of legal regulation of environmental relations.

The article explores the historical foundations of the formation and development of the ecosystem approach in international environmental law from the idea of conservation of natural ecosystems to the emergence of a holistic concept within the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which was adopted on June 5, 1992, and which considers the ecosystem approach as a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.It has been proven that certain aspects of this approach can be traced in previously adopted acts, among which Declaration on the maritime zone 1952, Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially Waterfowl Habitat 1971, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973, Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement 1978, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979, Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979, Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources 1980, World Charter for Nature 1982, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, Declaration on Conservation of Flora, Fauna and their Habitats 1988, Convention on the Protection of the Alps 1991, Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes 1992, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area 1992, Convention on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution 1992, Declaration on Environment and Development 1992, etc.On the basis of a thorough analysis of the above-mentioned and other international legal documents, the conclusion is made about their influence on the process of formation of the ecosystem approach at the international level.

The article is devoted to the study of the legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, in the state environmental policy of Ukraine.
Based on the analysis of the provisions of the main political and legal acts of environmental direction, both general, first of all – the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030», and focused on the protection and use of certain natural resources, objects and complexes, as well as policy documents from other spheres of public life, it was concluded that all of them directly or indirectly touch on the issues of conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and implementation of the ecosystem approach, which gives reason to speak of a certain tendency towards «ecosystemization» of the state environmental policy of Ukraine, which, according to the author, should be continued and strengthened.
In addition, it is obvious that despite the successes in the legislative consolidation of these issues, it is extremely important to create the conditions for their implementation, and therefore, it is hoped that these documents would not remain declarative, but would be quickly realized in practice.

The article notes that in the modern environmental legal doctrine in the study of the legal basis for the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of the ecosystem approach to environmental law there is a lack of interdisciplinary scientific search, primarily taking into account the achievements of the relevant natural sciences, which are extremely important for the development of these issues, and therefore need to be thoroughly covered.
With this in mind, the article analyzes the process of formation and development of the ecosystem concept during the historical period from the philosophers of Antiquity to A. Tansley, that is, before the introduction of the term «ecosystem» into scientific circulation. The fateful significance of this event is concluded, despite the fact that some scientists much earlier almost came close to the concept of «ecosystem» and some even proposed other terms which are adequate to «ecosystem» but have not received universal recognition.
It is also hoped that representatives of the ecological-legal science in the study of the conservation and restoration of ecosystems and the implementation of the ecosystem approach will support the idea of the feasibility of interdisciplinary scientific searches.

A comprehensive analysis of the process of formation and development of the ecosystem approach in international environmental law under the Convention on Biological Diversity has been undertaken. Based on a study of the provisions of the Convention and a review of decisions of the meetings of its governing body – the Conference of the Parties – the conclusion is made about the current state of development of the ecosystem approach.
In particular, under the Convention on Biological Diversity, general framework of the ecosystem approach have been developed, including its description, principles and practical guidelines for its application, and its leading role in the conservation of biodiversity has been determined. Undoubtedly, the ecosystem approach generally and its principles particularly require thorough discussion at future meetings of the Conference of the Parties and implementation in appropriate decisions.
At the same time, it is quite obvious that the effectiveness of this approach in the issue of biodiversity conservation will depend primarily on its implementation in the state environmental policy and legislation of all countries-participants of the Convention and its practical realization, which, according to the author, should become one of the priority and strategic directions in the field of legal regulation of environmental relations in Ukraine.

The article analyzes the provisions of the multilateral and bilateral international legal treaties of Ukraine aimed at the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of an ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that these issues are among the most important and relevant at the international legal level, therefore, our state, having assumed relevant obligations in this area, should focus its efforts to their proper reflection in the national regulatory and legal field and their practical realization.It is hoped that in the near future, the outlined issues will receive increased attention both at the level of environmental legislation and in practical terms, because according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» dated 28.02.2019, which now has the status of a leading pointer in the environmental sphere, the goal of state environmental policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach to all areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the constitutional right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment, introduction of balanced nature management and conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems.

The article analyzes the provisions of the multilateral and bilateral international legal treaties of Ukraine aimed at the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of an ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that these issues are among the most important and relevant at the international legal level, therefore, our state, having assumed relevant obligations in this area, should focus its efforts to their proper reflection in the national regulatory and legal field and their practical realization.It is hoped that in the near future, the outlined issues will receive increased attention both at the level of environmental legislation and in practical terms, because according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» dated 28.02.2019, which now has the status of a leading pointer in the environmental sphere, the goal of state environmental policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach to all areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the constitutional right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment, introduction of balanced nature management and conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems. ; Анализируются положения многосторонних и двусторонних международно-правовых договоров Украины, направленных на сохранение и восстановление природных экосистем и внедрение экосистемного подхода. На основании проведенного исследования сделан вывод, что эти вопросы являются одними из наиболее важных и актуальных на международном уровне, поэтому государство, взяв на себя соответствующие обязательства в указанной сфере, должно направить свои усилия на их надлежащее отображение в национальном нормативно-правовом поле и их практическую реализацию. ; Проаналізовано положення основних багатосторонніх і двосторонніх міжнародно-правових договорів України, спрямованих на збереження і відновлення природних екосистем та впровадження екосистемного підходу. Зроблено висновок, що ці питання є одними з найбільш важливих і актуальних на міжнародному рівні, а тому держава, взявши на себе відповідні зобов'язання у зазначеній сфері, має спрямувати свої зусилля на їх належне відображення у національному нормативно-правовому полі, а також їх практичну реалізацію.

A comprehensive analysis of the process of formation and development of the ecosystem approach in international environmental law under the Convention on Biological Diversity has been undertaken. Based on a study of the provisions of the Convention and a review of decisions of the meetings of its governing body – the Conference of the Parties – the conclusion is made about the current state of development of the ecosystem approach. In particular, under the Convention on Biological Diversity, general framework of the ecosystem approach have been developed, including its description, principles and practical guidelines for its application, and its leading role in the conservation of biodiversity has been determined. Undoubtedly, the ecosystem approach generally and its principles particularly require thorough discussion at future meetings of the Conference of the Parties and implementation in appropriate decisions. At the same time, it is quite obvious that the effectiveness of this approach in the issue of biodiversity conservation will depend primarily on its implementation in the state environmental policy and legislation of all countries-participants of the Convention and its practical realization, which, according to the author, should become one of the priority and strategic directions in the field of legal regulation of environmental relations in Ukraine. ; Осуществлен комплексный анализ процесса становления и развития экосистемного подхода в международном экологическом праве в рамках Конвенции о биологическом разнообразии. На основании исследования положений Конвенции и обзора решений совещаний ее руководящего органа – Конференции Сторон – сделан вывод о современном состоянии разработки экосистемного подхода и перспективах его дальнейшего обсуждения на будущих совещаниях. Вместе с тем, совершенно очевидно, что эффективность этого подхода в вопросе сохранения биоразнообразия будет зависеть прежде всего от его внедрения в государственную экологическую политику и законодательство всех стран-участниц Конвенции и его практической реализации, что и должно стать, по мнению автора, одним из приоритетных и стратегических направлений в сфере правового регулирования экологических отношений в Украине. ; Здійснено комплексний аналіз процесу становлення та розвитку екосистемного підходу в міжнародному екологічному праві у рамках Конвенції про охорону біологічного різноманіття. На підставі дослідження положень Конвенції та огляду рішень нарад її керівного органу – Конференції Сторін – зроблено висновок про сучасний стан розроблення екосистемного підходу та перспективи його подальшого обговорення на майбутніх нарадах. Разом із тим, цілком очевидно, що ефективність цього підходу в питанні збереження біорізноманіття залежатиме передусім від його впровадження в державну екологічну політику та законодавство всіх країн-учасниць Конвенції та його практичної реалізації, що й має стати, на думку автора, одним із пріоритетних і стратегічних напрямів у сфері правового регулювання екологічних відносин в Україні.

The development of measures to reduce waste and regulate waste management is an important issue in the field of environmental safety and environmental protection. Purpose. Analysis of legal regulation of waste management, identification of the main problems and the formation of modern solutions to problems related to waste, based on international experience, current case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Methods. Theoretical and general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization), empirical method (method of comparison). Results. Based on the results of the study of legal regulation of waste management in Ukraine, the main problems are identified and solutions are proposed based on the analysis of the decision of the European Court of Human Rights and by studying the experience of European countries. It was found that Ukraine has chosen the path of standardization of waste issues on the basis of established norms of the European Union, in particular the Waste Directive and a number of other regulations in this area. Conclusions. In order to regulate the field of waste management in Ukraine, it is necessary to ensure thegradual and effective implementation of measures enshrined in the National Waste Management Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, to systematize a number of legal acts of Ukraine on waste management and begin their implementation in practice. ; Разработка мероприятий, связанных с сокращением объемов отходов, и совершенствование норм по обращению с отходами занимают важное место среди вопросов экологической безопасности и поддержания благоприятного состояния окружающей среды. Цель. Анализ нормативно-правового регулирования обращения с отходами, выделение основных проблем и формирование современных направлений решения проблем, которые касаются вопроса отходов, на основе международного опыта и актуальной практики Европейского Суда по правам человека. Методы. Теоретические и общенаучные (анализ, синтез, систематизация), эмпирический метод (метод сравнения). Результаты. На основе результатов исследования нормативно-правового регулирования обращения с отходами в Украине, выявлены основные проблемы и предложены варианты их решения на основании анализа решения Европейского Суда по правам человека и с помощью изучения опыта европейских стран. Обнаружено, что Украина выбрала путь нормирование вопросов относительно отходов на основе устоявшихся норм Европейского Союза, в частности Директивы об отходах и ряда других нормативно-правовых актов в этой сфере. Выводы. Для урегулирования сферы обращения с отходами в Украине нужно обеспечить постепенное и эффективное внедрение мероприятий, которые закреплены в Национальной стратегии управления отходами в Украине до 2030 года, систематизировать ряд нормативно-правовых актов Украины относительно обращения с отходами и начать их реализацию на практике. ; Розробка заходів, пов'язаних зі скороченням обсягів відходів, та вдосконалення норм щодо поводження з відходами займають важливе місце серед питань екологічної безпеки та підтримання сприятливого стану довкілля. Мета. Аналіз нормативно-правового регулювання поводження з відходами, виділення основних проблем та формування сучасних напрямів вирішення проблем, які стосуються питання відходів, на основі міжнародного досвіду та актуальної практики Європейського Суду з прав людини. Методи. Теоретичні та загальнонаукові (аналіз, синтез, систематизація), емпіричний метод (метод порівняння). Результати. На основі результатів дослідження нормативно-правового регулювання поводження з відходами в Україні виявлено основні проблеми та запропоновано варіанти їх вирішення на підставі аналізу рішення Європейського Суду з прав людини та за допомогою вивчення досвіду європейських країн. Виявлено, що Україна обрала шлях унормування питань щодо відходів на основі усталених норм Європейського Союзу, зокрема Директиви про відходи та низки інших нормативно-правових актів у цій сфері. Висновки. Задля врегулювання сфери поводження з відходами в Україні потрібно забезпечити поступове та ефективне впровадження заходів, які закріплено в Національній стратегії управління відходами в Україні до 2030 року, систематизувати ряд нормативно-правових актів України щодо поводження з відходами та розпочати їх реалізацію на практиці.