Suchergebnisse

The aging of the population due to the economic, political and cultural spheres. The number of older people in the total population in some countries has increased significantly. Some of them can be attributed to countries with an aging population. Building a harmonious society - one of the important goals of the country, it is intrinsically linked with the improvement and quality of life of older people and their welfare. In China, the rapid economic development; restructuring of family, the weakening of its functions; as well as a sustainable, rapid population aging are reflected in the pension system and national economy. Three groups of indicators are formed on the analysis of deviations from the results of survey of older and young people from China villages Da Gao Kan and Lian Shan. It was proved that the pension benefits of rural people are one of the basic conditions for increasing their welfare, so it is necessary to improve it.

1. Introduction to Syntactic Pattern Recognition. -- 1.1 Syntactic (Structural) Approach to Pattern Recognition -- 1.2 Syntactic Pattern Recognition System -- 1.3 Selection of Pattern Primitives -- 1.4 Pattern Grammar -- 1.5 High-Dimensional Pattern Grammars -- 1.6 Syntax Analysis as Recognition Procedure -- 1.7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2. Peak Recognition in Waveforms. -- 2.1 What is a Peak? -- 2.2 Practical Peak Recognition -- 2.3 Application to Electrocardiography -- 2.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 3. Electrocardiogram Interpretation Using a Stochastic Finite State Model. -- 3.1 The Interpretation Problem -- 3.2 A Solution to the Interpretation Problem -- 3.3 A Simple Example -- 3.4 Application to Analog Signal Processing -- 3.5 An Example Application -- 3.6 The Solution to the Clock Signal Interpretation Problem -- 3.7 A Sample Clock Signal Search Tree -- 3.8 Conclusion -- References -- 4. Syntactic Recognition of Speech Patterns. -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Preprocessing and Feature Extraction -- 4.3 Syntax-Controlled Segmentation of Continuous Speech -- 4.4 Syntactic Recognition of Syllables and Words -- 4.5 Linguistic Interpretation of Speech Patterns -- 4.6 Automatic Learning of Speech Patterns -- 4.7 Conclusions -- References -- 5. Chinese Character Recognition. -- 5.1 Historical -- 5.2 The Morphology of Chinese Characters -- 5.3 Recognition of Chinese Characters -- References -- 6. Shape Discrimination. -- 6.1 Basic Considerations -- 6.2 Description of Contours in Terms of Polygons -- 6.3 Description of the Shape of Polygons -- 6.4 Fundamentals of Decomposition -- 6.5 Further Decomposition and Shape Description -- 6.6 Decomposition of Polygons with Holes -- 6.7 Implementation of the Decomposition Algorithm -- 6.8 Discussion of the Methodology -- References -- 7. Two-Dimensional Mathematical Notation. -- 7.1 Mathematics Notation -- 7.2 Coordinate Grammars -- 7.3 A Syntax-Directed Recognition Algorithm -- 7.4 Scope of Recognition Capability -- 7.5 Implementation and Efficiency -- 7.6 Summary -- Appendix 7.A -- Appendix 7.B -- References -- 8. Fingerprint Classification. -- 8.1 Historical Background -- 8.2 Syntactic Approach -- 8.3 Tree Grammar Approach to Fingerprint Pattern Recognition -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- 9. Modeling of Earth Resources Satellite Data. -- 9.1 The Satellite Data -- 9.2 The Model -- 9.3 Details of the Analysis -- 9.4 Inferring a Grammar for the Highways -- 9.5 Summary -- References -- 10. Industrial Objects and Machine Parts Recognition. -- 10.1 A Short Review of Leading Ideas -- 10.2 Levels of Knowledge -- 10.3 Hardware -- 10.4 Software -- 10.5 Pattern Recognition -- 10.6 Conclusions -- References.

The article proves that it is possible to achieve wellbeing if there is an improvement of both the pension system and change in the citizen's attitude towards retirement income. The calculations (dynamics of the percentage of the working retirees, both in Russia and TPU, and the average salary) show that the increase in the ratio of the number of retirees and working people can't lead to the deficit of the budget of the Russian Pension Fund. It is proved that the key way to overcome the deficit is to remove payments, which are not or little connected with earned income (disability and loss of a breadwinner pension, long service pension, and early retirement pension) and save only one function – compensation for loss of earnings. Refusal of the territorial rent (pension's peg to the minimum of subsistence of a retiree in the region) will also balance the financial state of the Pension Fund. It is mathematically proved that the wellbeing of retirees can be reached if they participate in the compulsory and voluntary pension insurance programs, which are not necessary governmental.

Les jeunes qui se retrouvent en centre de réadaptation pour jeunes contrevenants constituent un groupe qui mérite une attention particulière lorsqu'il s'agit de faire le point sur les relations qui se nouent entre alcool/drogues et violence. Cet article a pour but de décrire les liens qui se tissent entre substances psychoactives (entendre alcool et drogues illégales) et violence chez les jeunes contrevenants. Plus spécifiquement, il s'agit d'exposer le rôle : a) des intoxications; b) du besoin d'argent pour se procurer des drogues ; et c) du système de distribution illicite des drogues dans la manifestation de comportements violents chez les jeunes contrevenants canadiens. Les données traitées dans cet article sont issues d'un questionnaire adressé aux jeunes contrevenants de sexe masculin admis dans les centres de réadaptation du Québec (n = 239) et de l'Ontario (n = 162) quel que soit le délit à l'origine de leur prise en charge institutionnelle. Parmi les trois types de relation étudiés, c'est l'intoxication qui se révèle le facteur le plus important menant à la violence. Notons par ailleurs qu'une bonne partie des crimes associés aux substances psychoactives le sont à plus d'un titre. Des pistes d'interprétation sont suggérées.