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Which actors initiate or prevent the unification of diploma & what is at stake? How does the state intervene in the regimentation of curricula? This article studies from a sociohistorical angle the nationalization of certification procedures in the framework of a political sociology approach. It analyzes processes of nationalization as well as nationally differentiated forms of public intervention. Taking as a focal point the nationalization of lawyer's diploma & vocational training certificates, the article compares the professionalization of legal & vocational training in Switzerland. It shows that the constitution of a national public sphere materializes through a process of professional interests unification. This implies divisions among professionals as well as among public authorities. The constitution of a national public sphere is not considered as a matter of simple political oppositions but as a conflicting process that challenges the professionalization of several professional sectors & the modalities of public action. 44 References. Adapted from the source document.

Which actors initiate or prevent the unification of diploma and what is at stake? How does the state intervene in the reglementation of curricula? This article studies under a socio‐historical angle the nationalisation of certification procedures within the framework of a political sociology approach. It analyses processes of nationalisation as well as nationally differenciated forms of public intervention. Taking as a focal point the nationalisation of lawyer's diploma and vocational training certificates, the article compares the professionalisation of legal and vocational training in Switzerland. It shows that the constitution of a national public sphere materialises through a process of professional interests unification. This implies divisions among professionals as well as among public authorities. The constitution of a national public sphere is not considered as a matter of simple political oppositions but as a conflicting process which challenges the professionalisation of several professionlsectors and the modalities of public action.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction: An Invitation to Explore the Processes, Puzzles and Ecosystems of Issues' and Problems' Globalization -- The Making of Global Problems -- Interdependency Chains and the Three Flows -- The Global Problems Ecosystem: The Map of Actors and Complex Interplay of Scales -- From a Scientific No Man's Land Toward a "Seamless" Theoretical Frame -- The Social Problem Construction: From a National to a Comparative Framework -- The Development of the Agenda Setting Approach Within and Beyond Policy Process Studies -- Inviting to Uphill Battles for Interdisciplinary Connections -- References -- Part I Globalization of Issues and Problems: Frameworks Revisited -- 2 The Forgotten Guest: International Relations and the Globalization of Social Problems -- Definition: What Makes a Social Problem "Global"? -- Agency: Who Makes a Global Problem? -- Venues: Where Are Global Problems Made? -- The Weight of International Organizations -- Reconnecting Research Fields -- Diffusion: How Do Global Problems Spread? -- Conclusion -- References -- 3 Hepatitis B, a Global Disease? On Some Paradoxes of the Construction of Global Health Problems -- Hepatitis B: A Major Health Issue Not Constructed as a Global Health Problem -- Hepatitis B in the Prehistorian Age of Global Health: An Acknowledged Health Issue -- Main Reasons for the Fall of Scientists' Attention to Hepatitis B in the 1990s and 2000s -- Characteristics of the Issue That Hindered Its Construction as a Global Health Problem -- Viral Hepatitis: A Multidimensional "HIV-Framed" Global Problem -- "Viral Hepatitis": An Emerging Global Problem Since 2010, that Includes Hepatitis B.