Suchergebnisse

The private sector in South Africa has become increasingly involved in the public policy process, albeit reluctantly. Both the level of managerial expertise in this field and the academic understanding of this process are extremely limited. We carried out an empirical study on fifty business leaders in South Africa in order to develop a systematic understanding of the business community's involvement in public policy. In the first study of its kind, statistical analyses were carried out on both the private sector's public policy Issue prioritization and strategy selection and usage patterns. The prioritization of selected strategies revealed that the business community had adopted a set of 'insider' strategies in order to influence the public policy process, reflecting a 'toenadering' in the relationship between the business community and government. The diversity within the private sector, of both the process and content of public policy involvement, is empirically documented via the use of correspondence analysis, resulting in the inherent structure of the private sector's public policy involvement being well represented in two dimensional space. The major differentiating factors being the choice between confrontational or 'insider' strategies and the choice between economic or socio-political Issues. From this basis, a strategic management approach towards socio-political involvement for the business community is developed. This is based on the use of a matrix incorporating factors such as change processes, power bases, Issue life cycles and resources within business organizations; leading to the selection of appropriate strategies in order to influence change in public policy. It is hoped that this article will assist South African management in the optimal allocation of resources to socio-political activities.

Parkinson's disease is a complex heterogeneous disorder with urgent need for disease-modifying therapies. Progress in successful therapeutic approaches for PD will require an unprecedented level of collaboration. At a workshop hosted by Parkinson's UK and co-organized by Critical Path Institute's (C-Path) Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD) Consortiums, investigators from industry, academia, government and regulatory agencies agreed on the need for sharing of data to enable future success. Government agencies included EMA, FDA, NINDS/NIH and IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative). Emerging discoveries in new biomarkers and genetic endophenotypes are contributing to our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of PD. In parallel there is growing recognition that early intervention will be key for successful treatments aimed at disease modification. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of disease progression and the many factors that contribute to disease progression heterogeneity. Novel therapeutic targets and trial designs that incorporate existing and new biomarkers to evaluate drug effects independently and in combination are required. The integration of robust clinical data sets is viewed as a powerful approach to hasten medical discovery and therapies, as is being realized across diverse disease conditions employing big data analytics for healthcare. The application of lessons learned from parallel efforts is critical to identify barriers and enable a viable path forward. A roadmap is presented for a regulatory, academic, industry and advocacy driven integrated initiative that aims to facilitate and streamline new drug trials and registrations in Parkinson's disease.