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Support from the start: working with young children and their families to reduce the risks of crime and anti-social behaviour
In: Department for Education and Skills 524
Psychology for social workers and counsellors: an introd
In: Library of social work
Book Review: Internet Inquiry: Conversations about Methods
In: Qualitative research, Band 11, Heft 4, S. 459-460
ISSN: 1741-3109
The A-Z of Social Research
In: Sociological research online, Band 8, Heft 4, S. 197-198
ISSN: 1360-7804
Support from the Start: effective programmes in pregnancy
In: Journal of children's services, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 8-17
ISSN: 2042-8677
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to update the evidence for the long‐term effects of the fetal environment on the later antisocial behaviour of the child, and possible interventions.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present a literature review of recent research on the topic.FindingsRecent research confirms and extends previous conclusions. The emotional state, alcohol use, smoking and drug consumption of the mother during pregnancy all increase the risk of the child developing antisocial behaviour. Prenatal anxiety may contribute 10‐15 per cent of the attributable load to behavioural outcomes. The Nurse Family Partnership programme remains the only intervention to start in pregnancy and show a long‐term reduction in the child's antisocial behaviour. However, several other interventions are likely to be helpful.Originality/valueStress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy are frequently undetected by health professionals and left untreated. Programmes to help with this, together with the reduction of smoking and alcohol consumption, should help reduce later criminal behaviour.
Support from the Start: effective programmes from birth to two years
In: Journal of children's services, Band 7, Heft 1, S. 18-28
ISSN: 2042-8677
PurposeThis paper aims to update the chapter by Sutton and Murray in Support from the Start by providing an overview of: research linking the development and experiences of infants and toddlers with the risks of later antisocial behaviour; and evidence on effective interventions for children aged 0‐2 and their families.Design/methodology/approachThe authors give a narrative review on the effects on mothers and their babies of postnatal depression.FindingsThe review examines the effects on mothers and their babies of postnatal depression, impaired bonding, insecure attachment as well as the impact of maltreatment in childhood. It considers a number of evidence‐based preventive interventions implemented in the UK to help children aged 0‐2 and their parents.Originality/valueThe paper provides an overview of recent evidence for the factors contributing to difficulties for parents of young children and identifies interventions demonstrated in high‐quality studies to prevent or address these problems.
Exploring the potential of using undergraduates' knowledge, skills and experience in research methods as a proxy for capturing learning gain
In: Higher education pedagogies, Band 3, Heft 1, S. 222-248
ISSN: 2375-2696
Can't Count or Won't Count? Embedding Quantitative Methods in Substantive Sociology Curricula: A Quasi-Experiment
In: Sociology: the journal of the British Sociological Association, Band 50, Heft 3, S. 435-452
ISSN: 1469-8684
This paper reports on a quasi-experiment in which quantitative methods (QM) are embedded within a substantive sociology module. Through measuring student attitudes before and after the intervention alongside control group comparisons, we illustrate the impact that embedding has on the student experience. Our findings are complex and even contradictory. Whilst the experimental group were less likely to be distrustful of statistics and appreciate how QM inform social research, they were also less confident about their statistical abilities, suggesting that through 'doing' quantitative sociology the experimental group are exposed to the intricacies of method and their optimism about their own abilities is challenged. We conclude that embedding QM in a single substantive module is not a 'magic bullet' and that a wider programme of content and assessment diversification across the curriculum is preferential.
Reviews
In: Contact: the interdisciplinary journal of pastoral studies, Band 71, Heft 1, S. 23-32
Preventing Violence in Seven Countries: Global Convergence in Policies
Do governments take the measures that are supported by the best scientific evidence available? We present a brief review of the situation in: Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Our findings show surprisingly similar developments across countries. While all seven countries are moving towards evidence-based decision making regarding policies and programs to prevent violence, there remain a number of difficulties before this end can be achieved. For example, there continue to be few randomized controlled trials or rigorous quasi-experimental studies on aggression and violence. Results from experimental research are essential to both policy makers and researchers to determine the effectiveness of programs as well as increase our knowledge of the problem. Additionally, all noted that media attention for violence is high in their country, often leading to management by crisis with the result that policies are not based on evidence, but instead seek to appease public outrage. And perhaps because of attendant organizational problems (i.e., in many countries violence prevention was not under the guise of one particular agency or ministry), most have not developed a coordinated policy focusing on the prevention of violence and physical aggression. It is hypothesized that leaders in democratic countries, who must run for election every 4 to 6 years, may feel a need to focus on short-term planning rather than long-term preventive policies since the costs, but not the benefits for the latter would be incurred while they still served in office. We also noted a general absence of expertise beyond those within scientific circles. The need for these ideas to be more widely accepted will be an essential ingredient to real and sustaining change. This means that there must be better communication and increased understanding between researchers and policy makers. Toward those ends, the recent establishment of the Campbell Collaboration, formed to provide international systematic reviews of program effectiveness, will make these results more available and accessible to politicians, administrators and those charged with making key policy decisions
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