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"The Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) was Japan's first international humanitarian organisation and among the largest civic organisations in Japan before 1945. The book explores the role of the JRCS in relation to Japan's imperial expansion and diplomatic relations in the Asia Pacific region. A unique feature of the JRCS was its transnational organisation development. Between 1894, when the first overseas branch office was established in Pusan and the outbreak of the Pacific War, JRCS Tokyo Headquarters oversaw the operations of more than a hundred overseas branch offices, including hospitals and local clinics, both in Japan's colonies and spheres of influence in Asia and in the Pacific and North and South America where there were large immigrant communities. World War II brought to the fore tensions between patriotism and international humanitarianism inherent in the Red Cross' mission to provide aid and relief in wartime to all soldiers and civilian victims without distinction to nationality. The book argues that while the JRCS was a quasi-Imperial state institution, within the JRCS administrators and medical workers nevertheless sought to uphold the humanitarian mission of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. Even amidst the inhumanity of total war, individual JRCS practitioners strived to perform their professional duty to care for the wounded and diseased regardless of race, nationality, or military status. Drawing on oral history, this book brings to light the experiences of those individuals who chose to work for the Red Cross in the face of extreme risks, and examines the extent to which the Japanese notion of 'humanitarianism (jindō)', literally meaning 'the way of humanity' in Japanese, influenced the evolution of the modern humanitarian movement"--

Starting in the late nineteenth century, scholars and activists all over the world suddenly began to insist that understandings of sex be based on science. As Japanese and Indian sexologists influenced their German, British, and American counterparts and vice versa, sexuality, modernity, and imaginings of exotified "Others" became intimately linked. The first anthology to provide a worldwide perspective on the birth and development of the field, A Global History of Sexual Science contends that actors outside of Europe—in Asia, Latin America, and Africa—became important interlocutors in debates on prostitution, birth control, and transvestism. Ideas circulated through intellectual exchange, travel, and internationally produced and disseminated publications. Twenty scholars tackle specific issues, including the female orgasm and the criminalization of male homosexuality, to demonstrate how concepts and ideas introduced by sexual scientists gained currency throughout the modern world