Suchergebnisse

Using Lasswell's 2-fold typology of agitators (publicists & orators) differentiation between them is made in terms of both role & personality structure. It has been previously noted (See SA 5053) that publicists had a strong need to control their world & that such a pattern of att's was characterized psychoanalytically as anal expulsiveness. While the agitational role of the orator was similar to that of the publicist, it differed in that it involved direct, face-to-face attempts to influence others. It was hypothesized that the personalities of orators, in contrast to publicists, would display lesser tendencies of a preego, oral dependent or anal retentive sort. Both orator & publicist were characterized as highly narcissistic types. The pop of study were the M members of 4 campus pol'al org's: the Democratic & Republican S groups, the Civil Liberties Committee, & the S's for Democratic Action (N=30: 6 members of the Civil Liberties Committee; & 8 each from the other org's). The S's were given a questionnaire about their soc background, U career, & extra-curricular interests. The Krout Personal Preference Scale (PPS) was also administered: a 100-item test 'typical of the 7 psychoanalytical stages.' The S's from each of the pol'al org's were seated around a table with a number (also on the questionnaire & PPS forms) in front of the investigator. Each group member was asked to answer the following sociometric questions: '(a) List, in order, the place numbers of the 5 members of this org whom you feel have the most influence on this group. (b) List, in order, the numbers of the 5 people in this group who are most likely to be openly active in trying to influence & persuade the other members of this group.' From the sociometric results, it was found that the ranking by number of attempts to influence others (most nearly like the conceptual definition of the orator) was the most useful index against which to conduct further analyses. The data from the PPS profiles showed no appreciable diff's between the various pol'al groups. When the PPS scores of all the politicians were combined, however, & compared with the scores of publicists previously obtained, diff's were found. No appreciable diff's were noted between politicians & publicists in the measures of oral sadism, anal expulsiveness, or phallic striving. As predicted, diff's were found in the scores with regard to the pre-ego, oral dependent, & anal retentive measures. An examination of the soc background of the R's showed that the diff's in PPS scores could not be accounted for in terms of this soc background as reflected in a set of standard demographic indices. M. O. Wagenfeld.

A study of need systems of journalists or publicists active in trying to influence their soc worlds through the public press. It may be predicted that the publicist will have strong needs to take active steps to control his world, to be recognized as its master, while simultaneously being protected from its unfavorable reactions. In psychoanalytic terms, he would have strong tendencies of an anal, expulsive, phallic, & oral-passive sort. The pop's studied here included the staffs of The Michigan Daily a U of Michigan student newspaper, encompassing the editorial, business, sports, & women's staffs. Staff members whose motivations are most likely to fit those pictured in the theory of the publicist are M members of the editorial staff. The sports staff of the Daily was used as a `control', because it was felt that as compares with editorialists pregenital tendencies will not be in areas of anality, orality, phallic striving, & ambition. Based on job description editorialists were predicted to be equal to businessmen in tendencies toward oral dependency, & be less masculine, more feminine, & to have stronger tendencies toward hostility & striving (oral sadism, anality, & phallic aspiration). The data were obtained through questionaires (88%, return) completed by the paper's staff members at time of regular meetings. The questionire included a personality rating instrument, demographic data, questions about Coll life, & attitude toward the Daily, the press, & current public issues. Among M staff members, the editorial staffer is much like his business & sports colleagues in age, occup of fathers, number of yrs of Sch completed by either parent, or in pol'al preferences of parents. Editorialists (Ed's) & sportswriters have attitude behavior that show few diff's. Ed's tend to be more liberal on a wide range of controversial public issues & more likely to hope for careers in journalism, writing, & medicine; spend a larger amount of their time at work on the Dialy & prefer editorial writing to straight news stories. Ed's differ from businessmen on more counts, & are likely to be majoring in soc sci or humanities instead of business admin; estimates they study fewer hours & tend to take part in fewer campus activities, spend less time in recreation & entertainment than businessmen. Time spent socially by Ed's is more likely to be spent with other Daily staffers. In reading there is a strong tendency to read Time & Life. Ed's tend to be pol'ally left of other staffers & general campus sentiment, more manipulatively oriented but largely towards the 'liberal' side of US society, & less strongly identified with their parents than other staffers. On some counts the Ed's & businessmen are similar in tendency, feeling they are UMc, pol'ly independent, & prefer Fair Deal Democrats & anti-Taft Republicanism to the conservative wings of major parties. As for women, Ed's are younger than women on other staffs, spent time before age 16 in larger cities, are Jewish, & come from homes where the fathers & mothers have less favorable attitude to religion as compared with fathers of businesswomen or of women's staffs. There is no diff between parents on educ, occup, income or pol'al preference. Women Ed's participate in fewer extracurricular activities in HSch than other members of women's staff, & in Coll took part in fewer activities than businesswomen. Publicists are less likely to identify with their parents & see the newspaper as an instrument for manipulating rather than informing. H. H. Smythe.