The Economics of Managing Biotechnologies
In: Economy & Environment 22
45 Ergebnisse
Sortierung:
In: Economy & Environment 22
In: International affairs, Band 75, Heft 2, S. 307-331
ISSN: 1468-2346
In: International affairs, Band 75, Heft 2, S. 307-331
ISSN: 0020-5850
World Affairs Online
In: Research in law and economics v. 20
In: Research in law and economics Volume 20
In: Emerald insight
An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Environmental Policy emphasises the importance of institutional design in addressing social problems. Three important issues concerning institutional design are: policies, instruments, and enforcement. This volume surveys each of the issues, and emphasises the common themes arising in optimal institutional design. These themes include the cost of complex institutional design, and the role of private institutions attaining social objects. This book will be particularly useful to law schools, departments of government, policy or economics, environmental managers and insurance companies
In: Environmental politics, Band 7, Heft 1
ISSN: 0964-4016
In: Economic affairs: journal of the Institute of Economic Affairs, Band 16, Heft 5, S. 8-16
ISSN: 1468-0270
In: The international & comparative law quarterly: ICLQ, Band 40, Heft 2, S. 514-515
ISSN: 1471-6895
In: Environmental science & policy, Band 43, S. 26-38
ISSN: 1462-9011
In: Reflexive Governance for Global Public Goods, S. 105-120
In: Environment and development economics, Band 8, Heft 1, S. 149-165
ISSN: 1469-4395
Advances in biotechnology have made available gene-manipulation techniques that enable the protection of genetic material from unauthorized use and the prevention of self-supply of commercial seeds by farmers—in order to allow enhanced appropriation of the values of innovation in agricultural R&D. These techniques have become known as Genetic Use Restriction Technologies (GURTs).This paper forecasts the potential impact of wide-spread adoption of GURTs by the providers of HYV seeds on the yield development in developing countries. To do so, it assesses (1) the effects of enhanced appropriation through GURTs on the technological expansion at the yield frontier and (2) the effects of technological protection of value-adding traits through GURTS on the diffusion of yield gains from the frontier to developing countries. These assessments are based on a particular hypothesis, which is that GURTs will replicate across most staple crops the experiences that were made with a previous use restriction technology (hybridization) in only a few crops. The estimation of impacts is carried out as a simulation and is based on expansion and diffusion parameters estimated for hybrid seeds over a 38-year period. It shows that the impact of GURTs on developing countries' yields will vary considerably. Specifically, those countries that currently have the lowest yields would be most adversely affected in their future yield development by the wide-spread use of GURTs.