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Mange serbere er tilbøjelige til at tro, at deres vanskeligheder skyldes en ond omverden og ikke deres egne valg. De mener, at de har retten til Kosovo, skønt de ikke aner, hvad de i givet fald skulle stille op med to millioner albanere

AbstractWe examine stock market reactions to public company visits and the public comments made therein by five presidents (George H. W. Bush through Donald J. Trump) over three decades (from 1989 to 2019). We find striking evidence that investors value these visits during periods of unified government or when the president announces favorable policy. However, a president's praise during the visit and his popularity at the time of the visit do not appear to have an impact on investors' reactions. Our findings suggest that investors value affiliation with the president only when they perceive opportunities to obtain substantive policy benefits.

IntroductionResearch data combined with administrative data provides a robust resource capable of answering unique research questions. However, in cases where personal health data are encrypted, due to ethics requirements or institutional restrictions, traditional methods of deterministic and probabilistic record linkages are not feasible. Instead, privacy-preserving record linkages must be used to protect patients' personal data during data linkage.
ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility and validity of a deterministic privacy preserving data linkage protocol using homomorphically encrypted data.
MethodsFeasibility was measured by the number of records that successfully matched via direct identifiers. Validity was measured by the number of records that matched with multiple indirect identifiers. The threshold for feasibility and validity were both set at 95%. The datasets shared a single, direct identifier (health card number) and multiple indirect identifiers (sex and date of birth). Direct identifiers were encrypted in both datasets and then transferred to a third-party server capable of linking the encrypted identifiers without decrypting individual records. Once linked, the study team used indirect identifiers to verify the accuracy of the linkage in the final dataset.
ResultsWith a combination of manual and automated data transfer in a sample of 8,128 individuals, the privacy-preserving data linkage took 36 days to match to a population sample of over 3.2 million records. 99.9% of the records were successfully matched with direct identifiers, and 99.8% successfully matched with multiple indirect identifiers. We deemed the linkage both feasible and valid.
ConclusionsAs combining administrative and research data becomes increasingly common, it is imperative to understand options for linking data when direct linkage is not feasible. The current linkage process ensured the privacy and security of patient data and improved data quality. While the initial implementations required significant computational and human resources, increased automation keeps the requirements within feasible bounds.

Introduction: Many consequences of cerebrovascular disease are identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but variation in methods limits multicenter studies and pooling of data. The European Union Joint Program on Neurodegenerative Diseases (EU JPND) funded the HARmoNizing Brain Imaging MEthodS for VaScular Contributions to Neurodegeneration (HARNESS) initiative, with a focus on cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: Surveys, teleconferences, and an in-person workshop were used to identify gaps in knowledge and to develop tools for harmonizing imaging and analysis. Results: A framework for neuroimaging biomarker development was developed based on validating repeatability and reproducibility, biological principles, and feasibility of implementation. The status of current MRI biomarkers was reviewed. A website was created at www.harness-neuroimaging.org with acquisition protocols, a software database, rating scales and case report forms, and a deidentified MRI repository. Conclusions: The HARNESS initiative provides resources to reduce variability in measurement in MRI studies of cerebral small vessel disease.

Introduction: Many consequences of cerebrovascular disease are identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but variation in methods limits multicenter studies and pooling of data. The European Union Joint Program on Neurodegenerative Diseases (EU JPND) funded the HARmoNizing Brain Imaging MEthodS for VaScular Contributions to Neurodegeneration (HARNESS) initiative, with a focus on cerebral small vessel disease. Methods: Surveys, teleconferences, and an in-person workshop were used to identify gaps in knowledge and to develop tools for harmonizing imaging and analysis. Results: A framework for neuroimaging biomarker development was developed based on validating repeatability and reproducibility, biological principles, and feasibility of implementation. The status of current MRI biomarkers was reviewed. A website was created at www.harness-neuroimaging.org with acquisition protocols, a software database, rating scales and case report forms, and a deidentified MRI repository. Conclusions: The HARNESS initiative provides resources to reduce variability in measurement in MRI studies of cerebral small vessel disease.

INTRODUCTION: Many consequences of cerebrovascular disease are identifiable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but variation in methods limits multicenter studies and pooling of data. The European Union Joint Program on Neurodegenerative Diseases (EU JPND) funded the HARmoNizing Brain Imaging MEthodS for VaScular Contributions to Neurodegeneration (HARNESS) initiative, with a focus on cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: Surveys, teleconferences, and an in-person workshop were used to identify gaps in knowledge and to develop tools for harmonizing imaging and analysis. RESULTS: A framework for neuroimaging biomarker development was developed based on validating repeatability and reproducibility, biological principles, and feasibility of implementation. The status of current MRI biomarkers was reviewed. A website was created at www.harness-neuroimaging.org with acquisition protocols, a software database, rating scales and case report forms, and a deidentified MRI repository. CONCLUSIONS: The HARNESS initiative provides resources to reduce variability in measurement in MRI studies of cerebral small vessel disease.