Suchergebnisse

The massive tsunami of December 26, 2004 has had a huge impact on the life of the coastal region. The effects of the tsunami caused damage to occupation settlements, loss of waterside land and destruction of marine biota ecosystems. The coastal region of Aceh Province in Indonesia is the area that has the worst impact followed by the State of Malaysia, Thailand and as a coastal area of India. As a result of a large amount of coastal land experiencing a loss of land mass, erosion is very significant. As a step towards handling coastal areas from greater erosion prevention, the Government of Indonesia in 2005 adopted a policy of handling rehabilitation and reconstruction through the ANTERP (Aceh Nias Tsunami and Earthquake Response Program) program under the BRR (Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency) in collaboration with Ministry of Public Work. One of the steps to handling erosion is to protect the coast using the hard structure method such as the construction of a revetment and jetty made from rock armor. This study aims to assess the level of damage and priority of handling of coastal protective structures that have been built in 2009, 2016 and how changes in shoreline occur on the beach location of Alue Naga - Neuheun, which is a coastal area that was greatly affected by the tsunami. Assessments were carried out in three different coastal structures, namely CS-1 locations in the Alue Naga area, CS-2, Lambada Lhok coastal area and CS-3 Neuheun beach area. Guidelines for assessing structure damage and changes in shoreline in the study using the Ministry of Public Work Regulation No. 08/SE/M/2010. The rate of change in shoreline is obtained through computational calculations of the DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) program using the EPR (End Point Rate) method and NSM for change distance (Net Shoreline Movement).

This study aims to analyze the spatial patterns that have been prepared in the Spatial Plan of the Regency in Gampong Babah Ie in the face of the tsunami disaster in order to contribute thoughts to the Local Government of Aceh Jaya Regency in preparing or revising the Regional Spatial Plan of Aceh Jaya Regency in the face of disaster as well this study is expected to be able to increase knowledge, especially related to the study of land area pattern toward tsunami disaster in effort to reduce disaster risk in coastal area. The research method in this study is qualitative with descriptive approach. Data collection was conducted by collecting primary data and secondary data. The result of this study concluded that Aceh Jaya Regency Spatial Plan of 2014-2034 has considered tsunami risk reduction. However, in some coastal areas precisely in Gampong Babah Ie and surrounding areas, it has not been accommodated the space for coastal border or green belt area as a particular protected area in coastal areas. Appropriate mitigation efforts in disaster risk reduction in this area is to revise the Qanun RTRWK of Aceh Jaya Regency 2014-2034 by making allotment of coastal border and green belt, also to socialize the legislation and regulation concerning spatial plan of area to all community in Jaya Sub-regency generally and Gampong Babah Ie and its surrounding areas in particular.

Abstract: Research about Simeulue local wisdom Smong in disaster preparedness after 12 years of tsunami was conducted. The research aims to know how Simelue people preserved local wisdom Smong and the effort that have been made by Simelue people to preserved the value of nandong and nafi-nafi. This research using descriptive methods with qualitative approach and snowball sampling technique. The data collected by in-depth interview, observing and document review. The result shown that 1) After 12 years of tsunami Simelue people still preserved local wisdom Smong. Simelue people obtained the knowledge about tsunami preparedness by the combination between traditional and contemporary. 2) Simeulue people still preserved the values of nandong and nafi-nafi thorugh education and internalization. Simeulue people also build art class, discussion and documentation to preserved the local widom. The recomendation to Local Government of Simelue to initiate he preservation of cultural values of nandong in the artistic competitions. Keywords: local wisdom Smong, preparedness, knowledge management Abstrak: Penelitian yang berjudul "Kearifan Lokal Smong Masyarakat Simeulue Dalam Kesiapsiagaan Bencana 12 Tahun Pasca Tsunami" bertujuan untuk mengetahui penghayatan masyarakat terhadap kearifan lokal smong dan mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan masyarakat dalam melestarikan nilai nandong dan nafi-nafi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik snowball sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan telaah dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) masyarakat Simeulue 12 tahun pasca tsunami masih menghayati kearifan lokal smong. Masyarakat Simeulue memperoleh kombinasi pengetahuan tentang kesiapsiagaan menghadapi tsunami yaitu pertautan antara kesiapsiagaan secara tradisional dan kontemporer; 2) masyarakat Simeulue masih melestarikan nilai budaya nandong dan nafi-nafi melalui upaya-upaya edukasi dan internalisasi. Bentuk-bentuk yang dilakukan berupa mendirikan sanggar seni, dokumentasi, dan diskusi. Disarankan kepada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Simeulue agar dapat menginisiasi pelestarian nilai budaya nandong ke dalam bentuk kompetisi kesenian.Kata Kunci: kearifan lokal smong, kesiapsiagaan, manajemen pengetahuan

Abstract. Indonesia has experienced several tsunamis triggered by seismic and non-seismic (i.e., landslides) sources. These events damaged or destroyed coastal buildings and infrastructure and caused considerable loss of life. Based on the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) guidelines, this study assesses the empirical tsunami fragility to the buildings inventory of the 2018 Sunda Strait, 2018 Sulawesi–Palu, and 2004 Indian Ocean (Khao Lak–Phuket, Thailand) tsunamis. Fragility curves represent the impact of tsunami characteristics on structural components and express the likelihood of a structure reaching or exceeding a damage state in response to a tsunami
intensity measure. The Sunda Strait and Sulawesi–Palu tsunamis are uncommon events still poorly understood compared to the Indian Ocean tsunami (IOT), and their post-tsunami databases include only flow depth values. Using the TUNAMI two-layer model, we thus reproduce the flow depth, the flow velocity, and the hydrodynamic force of these two tsunamis for the first time. The flow depth is found to be the best descriptor of tsunami damage for both events. Accordingly, the building fragility curves for complete damage reveal that (i) in Khao Lak–Phuket, the buildings affected by the IOT sustained more damage than the Sunda Strait tsunami, characterized by shorter wave periods, and (ii) the buildings performed better in Khao Lak–Phuket than in Banda Aceh (Indonesia). Although the IOT affected both locations, ground motions were recorded in the city of Banda Aceh, and buildings could have been seismically damaged prior to the tsunami's arrival, and (iii) the buildings of Palu City exposed to the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami were more susceptible to complete damage than the ones affected by the IOT, in Banda Aceh, between 0 and 2 m flow depth. Similar to the Banda Aceh case, the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami load may not be the only cause of structural destruction. The buildings' susceptibility to tsunami damage in the waterfront of Palu City could have been enhanced by liquefaction events triggered by the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake.

Abstract. On 22 December 2018, a tsunami was generated from the Mount Anak Krakatau
area that was caused by volcanic flank failures. The tsunami had severe
impacts on the western coast of Banten and the southern coasts of Lampung in
Indonesia. A series of surveys to measure the impacts of the tsunami was
started 3 d after the tsunami and lasted for 10 d. Immediate
investigations allowed the collection of relatively authentic images of the
tsunami impacts before the clearing process started. This article
investigates the impacts of the 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami on the affected
areas and presents an analysis of the impacts of pure hydrodynamic tsunami
forces on buildings. Impacts of the tsunami were expected to exhibit
different characteristics than those found following the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami in Aceh. Data were collected from 117 flow depths along the Banten
and Lampung coasts. Furthermore, 98 buildings or houses were assessed for
damage. Results of this study revealed that the flow depths were higher in
Banten than in Lampung. Directions of the tsunami arrays created by the
complex bathymetry around the strait caused these differences.
Tsunami-induced damage to buildings was mostly the result of impact forces
and drag forces. Damping forces could not be associated with the damage.
The tsunami warning system in Indonesia should be extended to anticipate
non-seismic tsunamis, such as landslides and volcanic processes driven by
tsunamis. The lack of a tsunami warning during the first few minutes after the
generation of the first wave led to a significant number of human casualties
in both of the affected areas.

Abstract. After more than a decade of recurring tsunamis,
identification of tsunami deposits, a part of hazard characterization, still
remains a challenging task that is not fully understood. The lack of sufficient
monitoring equipment and rare tsunami frequency are among the primary
obstacles that limit our fundamental understanding of sediment transport
mechanisms during a tsunami. The use of numerical simulations to study
tsunami-induced sediment transport was rare in Indonesia until the
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. This study aims to couple two hydrodynamic numerical
models in order to reproduce tsunami-induced sediment deposits, i.e., their
locations and thicknesses. Numerical simulations were performed using the
Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model and Delft3D. This study
reconstructed tsunami wave propagation from its source using COMCOT, which
was later combined with Delft3D to map the location of the tsunami deposits
and calculate their thicknesses. Two-dimensional horizontal (2-DH) models
were used as part of both simulation packages. Four sediment transport
formulae were used in the simulations, namely van Rijn 1993, Engelund–Hansen 1967,
Meyer-Peter–Mueller (MPM) 1948, and Soulsby 1997. Lhoong, in the Aceh
Besar District, located approximately 60 km southwest of Banda Aceh, was
selected as the study area. Field data collected in 2015 and 2016 validated
the forward modeling techniques adopted in this study. However, agreements
between numerical simulations and field observations were more robust using
data collected in 2005, i.e., just months after the tsunami (Jaffe et al.,
2006). We conducted pit (trench) tests at select locations to obtain tsunami
deposit thickness and grain size distributions. The resulting numerical
simulations are useful when estimating the locations and the thicknesses of
the tsunami deposits. The agreement between the field data and the numerical
simulations is reasonable despite a trend that overestimates the field observations.

Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height reduction produced by a planned elevated road parallel to the coast of Banda Aceh, called the Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). The road will transect several lagoons, settlements, and bare land around the coast of Banda Aceh. Beside its main function to reduce traffic congestion in the city, the BORR is also proposed to reduce the impacts of future tsunamis. The Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Two magnitudes of earthquake were used, that is, 8.5 and 9.15 Mw. Both the earthquakes were generated from the same source location as in the 2004 case, around the Andaman Sea. Land use data of the innermost layer of the simulation area were adopted based on the 2004 condition and the land use planning of the city for 2029. The results of this study reveal that the tsunami inundation area can be reduced by about 9 % by using the elevated road for the earthquake of magnitude 9.15 Mw and about 22 % for the earthquake of magnitude 8.5 Mw. Combined with the land use planning 2029, the elevated road could reduce the maximum flow velocities behind the road by about 72 %. Notably, the proposed land use for 2029 will not be sufficient to deliver any effects on the tsunami mitigation without the elevated road structures. We recommend the city to construct the elevated road as this could be part of the co-benefit structures for tsunami mitigation. The proposed BORR appears to deliver a significant reduction of impacts of the smaller intensity tsunamis compared to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.