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This paper attempts to illustrate on how the empowerment theory can be applied as a critical approach to increase power and capacity of community development. Empowerment is not seen only in the theoretical and philosophical perspectives, but it is an alive approach and can be applied to increase the well-being of life to a better state at the individual, organisation and even community levels. Many community issues were discussed by academicians using the empowerment approach such as the issues of poverty, health, women, people with disabilities, single mothers, youths, leadership, organisations and so on. It is because this approach is an effective approach to resolve issues by empowering target individuals or groups to take effective actions through the capabilities and potentials developed. The discussion will begin with a review of the definitions of empowerment, which is closely related to the concept of power. In the context of community development, empowerment refers to the mechanisms that individuals, organizations and communities gain to control over life and issues related to them in the economic, social, psychological and political aspects. In order to understand the concept of empowerment clearly, an in-depth discussion will be done by looking at its definition from two dimensions; on whether empowerment is a process or an outcome. Using a qualitative approach to analyze content, books, journals and so on, several steps or processes have been developed to apply empowerment as an approach that can be practiced in the context of community development, especially in rural areas. Keywords: Empowerment, Community Development, Power, Capacity Development.

Ibn Khaldun was a renowned thinker and scholar. His thoughts and ideas have been the subject and inspirations of countless researchs done around the globe by numerous scholars. The discourse on Ibn Khaldun's thoughts contributed to the growth and development of contemporary science. As such, this study was undertaken to re-evaluate the thinking of Ibn Khald n which transcends various disciplines. This study aims to analyse the principal ideas of Ibn Khald n in accordance to the disciplines of history, politics, economics, sociology and education through a literature review on the writings and discourses of the researchers. For this study, a qualitative method using historical descriptive approach was employed. The data for this study were obtained through library research. The data analyses were conducted through texts and document analyses, as well as using a comparison method; and are supported with the processing of data through induction and deduction methods. The study found that Ibn Khaldun's thoughts has contributed to the growth and development of contemporary science, especially in the discipline of history, politics, economics, sociology and education. Additionally, his thoughts on said disciplines were not build on one aspect per se, but holistic, scientific, transcending the multiple disciplines of knowledge; incorporating the various ranks of individuals, families, societies and countries. Keywords: Ibn Khaldun, Ideas and Thoughts, Knowledge Development, Civilization,Islamic Scholar

This piece of work stems from a leadership discussion on a leader"s effective ruling ideas in helming a nation"sdevelopment process. Soeharto was the second Indonesian President who was also a towering statesman. Thelate former president successfully implemented pragmatic actions to achieve his planned mission and vision.Soeharto embraced the western democracy spirit but he limited its implementation, following his own mould.His leadership capability has brought Indonesia to a level that remains hardly imitable by other leaders of histime or contemporary ones. As such, to serve as lessons, his ruling ideas and development management areexemplary practices that are necessarily and suitably to be analysed by non-Indonesians. A research on one (1)term of governance that focuses on a collection of Soeharto"s "New Year Speeches", "Independent DaySpeeches" and "Party Speeches" was initiated to identify his ideas of governance and inclination in carryingout development. It was discovered that Soeharto used the Independent Day (Nationhood Speeches) as the mostsignificant speeches which required attention. On the other hand, his "Power-Oriented" speeches dominatedthe values in development In conclusion, leaders with governing ideas and dynamic development leadership arevery much needed. The society also needs to strengthen their attitude. Reinvigoration of competent local wisdomis also needed as a sustainable development tool. It is suggested that future study should focus on more than oneterm governance to support the current discoveries and discover newer and more interesting findings. Keywords: Ruling Ideas, Development, Soeharto, Leadership Style