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Introduction: Military landscapes between militarization and representation / Anatole Tchikine, with John Dean Davis -- Part I. Representation: Military landscapes - landscapes of events / Antoine Picon -- The ancient regional defense system in Fenghuang, China / Zhang Jie -- "Unified, nationwide, indestructible" - command, control, and the construction of the nuclear battlefield / Daniel Volmar -- Part II. Scales of nature: Displaced persons' gardens / Kenneth I. Helphand and Henk Wildschut -- The fortifications of Uncle Toby and other peaceful uses of military landscapes / John Dixon Hunt -- Transboundary natures - from the Iron Curtain to the Green Belt / Astrid M. Eckert -- Part III. Gender and race: The home front as a military landscape - imperial Russia, 1914-17 / Christine Ruane -- Olmsted in the South, Olmsted at war / John Dean Davis -- The concept of "defense landscape" (Wehrlandschaft) in National Socialist landscape planning / Gert Gröning and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn -- Part IV. Infrastructure: The Wars of Religion and the Canal du Midi / Chandra Mukerji -- An environmental history of the Ho Chi Minh trail / Pamela McElwee -- Part V. Memorialization: Jacques Callot's siege landscapes / Peter Parshall -- Military memory maneuvers in Dublin's Phoenix Park, 1775-1820 / Finola O'Kane -- Smashed to the earth - documenting, remembering, and returning to the 9/11 World Trade Center attack site / Patrick R. Jennings.

Military landscapes are much more than the physical space where the military occupies itself and where it holds land deeds; barracks, training grounds, depots etc. We will argue that military landscapes and spaces transcends ideas of bounded, Euclidian spaces and should be conceptualized rather as a complex system of social interactions constantly changing as the result of the spatial practices of the military and of civil society. Hence, military landscapes are not just a constant physical space and cannot only be measured and understood solely in terms of physical structures; hectares of training grounds or prices of office buildings alone. While physical structures such as depot building, barracks etc. all display a very constant presence, the actual use of these structures may vary considerably, even within a relatively limited timespan. Other structures and their use are more stable and constant for longer periods. Military landscapes, we argue, should be conceptualized, inspired by the ideas of Henri Lefebvre and other key thinkers in geography. Hence, military landscapes and spaces are constantly produced as the result of interaction between the spatial practice of the military, the physical space and installations found herein and finally the representations of military spaces, for instance maps, images, statues etc. In this paper, we will conceptualize the military landscape of Denmark in the past 150 years. We will focus on the ephemeral practices and presence of the military as well as the long lasting military influence on the cartographic practice of Danish topographical mapping and the construction of memorial sites in order to establish a more comprehensive understanding of military landscapes and spaces in Denmark.

As the largest contingent of Americans in Korea, the US military played an essential role in the cold war objectives of both containment and integration. The GIs represented more than "hard power" expressions of the American military might, as they became "soft power" ambassadors of the US. For many young American GIs, Korea was the "first strange place" they encountered outside of the United States and their experiences in this cold war frontier transformed Korea, the United States, and themselves. This study focuses on the "soft power" wielded by the GIs in their interactions with Koreans on a distinctly militarized cultural landscape in Korea. The American military installations and their camptown communities constituted an "intimate" cold war borderland between the United States and South Korea. Camps occupied hearts of cities and bordered farm communities. New cities and towns grew around foreign installations, and the guests and the hosts constantly negotiated over the impacts of the built environments. Camptowns served as extensions of the military camps as well as literal and symbolic buffers between the foreign military and the greater Korea. Although located on the peripheral-edge of Korean society, marginalized as a place of "dispensable" people, violent clashes, and sexual exploitations, camptowns also represented an indispensable-edge for postwar Korea. Camps and camptowns presented opportunities of employment and foreign currency earnings for the economic development, as well as important locus of desired American culture. Moreover, these spaces came to be an important "origin" place for transpacific migration for many Koreans. The ways in which the GIs interacted with Koreans in this intimate borderland, therefore, produced both cold war integration as well as an "imperfect" imperialism. This study from the "ground-up" of Koreans and GIs, and of the ramifications and living legacies of these landscapes, brings together a social and policy history of the greater US- Korea relations.

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Producción Científica ; This article aims to highlight the longstanding issues concerning properties no longer useful to the institutional goals of Italian Ministry of Defense, to analyze the State dismissal and valorization policies and the related procedures (such as the 'Territorial Unitary Development' and 'federalism state property' programs). Specifically, it will focus the attention on role of the task force between the Ministry of Defense and State Property Agency for the elaboration of hypotheses and paths of rationalization and optimization projects of the use of military sites. Starting from some research already carried out by the two authors, it will update the ongoing procedures of refurbishment of abandoned military sites in Italy (among them, the art. 26 of Decree Law 'unlocked Italy' and the 'federal building') and it will analyze the role of 'new' actors in the procedures, as the Investment Management Companies 'Cassa Depositi e Prestiti' and 'Invimit'. Those actors, through their real estate investment trusts, are acting as private stakeholders in an attempt to unlock the planning, design, economic and sometimes social inertia related to urban regeneration projects of former military assets in several Italian cities (such as Bologna, Florence, Milan, Rome and Turin). Eventually, it will try to understand if nowadays it is faced with a season characterized by more efficient procedures. ; European Joint Doctorate "urbanHIST". European Union. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 721933.

This paper aims to explore the importance of monitoring military landscapes in Cyprus using Earth Observation. The rising availability of remote sensing data provides adequate opportunities for monitoring military landscapes and detecting underground military man-made structures. In order to study possible differences in the spectral signatures of vegetation so as to be used for the systematic monitoring of military landscapes that comprise underground military structures, field spectroscopy has been used. The detection of underground and ground military structures based on remote sensing data could make a significant contribution to defence and security science. In this paper, underground military structures over vegetated areas were monitored, using both ground and satellite remote sensing data. Several ground measurements have been carried out in military areas, throughout the phenological cycle of plant growth, during 2016–2017. The research was carried out using SVC-HR1024 ground spectroradiometers. Field spectroradiometric measurements were collected and analysed in an effort to identify underground military structures using the spectral profile of the vegetated surface overlying the underground target and the surrounding area, comprising the in situ observations. Multispectral vegetation indices were calculated in order to study their variations over the corresponding vegetation areas, in presence or absence of military underground structures. The results show that Vegetation Indices such as NDVI, SR, OSAVI, DVI and MSR are useful for determining areas where military underground structures are present.

This paper aims to explore the importance of monitoring military landscapes in Cyprus using Earth Observation. The rising availability of remote sensing data provides adequate opportunities for monitoring military landscapes and detecting underground military man-made structures. In order to study possible differences in the spectral signatures of vegetation so as to be used for the systematic monitoring of military landscapes that comprise underground military structures, field spectroscopy has been used. The detection of underground and ground military structures based on remote sensing data could make a significant contribution to defence and security science. In this paper, underground military structures over vegetated areas were monitored, using both ground and satellite remote sensing data. Several ground measurements have been carried out in military areas, throughout the phenological cycle of plant growth, during 2016–2017. The research was carried out using SVC-HR1024 ground spectroradiometers. Field spectroradiometric measurements were collected and analysed in an effort to identify underground military structures using the spectral profile of the vegetated surface overlying the underground target and the surrounding area, comprising the in situ observations. Multispectral vegetation indices were calculated in order to study their variations over the corresponding vegetation areas, in presence or absence of military underground structures. The results show that Vegetation Indices such as NDVI, SR, OSAVI, DVI and MSR are useful for determining areas where military underground structures are present.