Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- Note on Names -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction Hungarian Medieval Economic History: Sources, Research and Methodology -- Part 1 Structures -- Chapter 1 Long-Term Environmental Changes in Medieval Hungary: Changes in Settlement Areas and Their Potential Drivers -- Chapter 2 Demographic Issues in Late Medieval Hungary: Population, Ethnic Groups, Economic Activity -- Chapter 3 Mobility, Roads and Bridges in Medieval Hungary -- Part 2 Human-Nature Interaction in Production -- Chapter 4 Agriculture in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 5 Animal Exploitation in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 6 Mining in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 7 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary before the Mongol Invasion -- Chapter 8 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary from the mid-Thirteenth Century until the End of the Middle Ages -- Chapter 9 The Extent and Management of Woodland in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 10 Water Management in Medieval Hungary -- Part 3 Money, Incomes and Management -- Chapter 11 Royal Revenues in the Árpádian Age -- Chapter 12 Seigneurial Dues and Taxation Principles in Late Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 13 Minting, Financial Administration and Coin Circulation in Hungary in the Árpádian and Angevin Periods (1000-1387) -- Chapter 14 Coinage and Financial Administration in Late Medieval Hungary (1387-1526) -- Part 4 Spheres of Production -- Chapter 15 The Ecclesiastic Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 16 The Urban Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 17 The Medieval Market Town and Its Economy -- Chapter 18 Crafts in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 19 The Economy of Castle Estates in the Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary -- Part 5 Trade Relations -- Chapter 20 Domestic Trade in the Árpádian Age

The ideas and practices that comprise "conservation" are often assumed to have arisen within the last two centuries. However, while conservation today has been undeniably entwined with processes of modernity, its historical roots run much deeper. Considering a variety of preindustrial European settings, this book assembles case studies from the medieval and early modern eras to demonstrate that practices like those advocated by modern conservationists were far more widespread and intentional than is widely acknowledged. As the first book-length treatment of the subject, Conservation's Roots provides broad social, historical, and environmental context for the emergence of the nineteenth-century conservation movement

The interest in re-implementing agroforestry (AF) in European agriculture due to its environmental benefits has been growing exponentially. We reviewed the historical background and the current state (extent, farmers' perception, legislative support, and barriers) to evaluate the future perspectives of AF in Czechia by identifying the key factors hampering further extension. Our results confirmed that AF almost disappeared after the middle of the 19th century due to agricultural intensification and collectivization. Currently, AF is not defined in the Czech legislation and no modern AF has been encountered by this study. Areas falling into AF definition recently comprise only traditional AF (less than 1% of agricultural area remaining) represented only by silvopastoral AF. The results of a farmers' survey indicated that despite relatively high interest in AF, excessive bureaucratization, high costs of establishment and uncertain profitability are severe concerns among farmers. We therefore conclude that there is a lack of legal recognition and marginalization of AF as the key obstacles of low adoption rates. We suggest that systematic support beyond subsidies should include raising awareness, research, policy, legislation changes, training, and advisory service, as a cornerstone for progressive development of AF and thus conservation and creation of economically and environmentally sound landscapes throughout Czechia.