Suchergebnisse

Vienna, Warsaw, Copenhagen -- The Cracow Circle -- Austrian Origins of Logical Positivism -- The Approach to Metaphysics in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- Ajdukiewicz's Contribution to the Realism/Idealism Debate -- Towards Universal Grammars Carnap's and Ajdukiewicz' Contributions -- Principles of Categorial Grammar in the Light of Current Formalisms -- On 'Categorial Grammar' -- Meta-Ethics: Contributions from Vienna and Warsaw -- The Project to Create an Empirical Ethical Theory -- Mereology and Metaphysics: From Boethius of Dacia to Lesniewski -- Definitions in Russell, in the Vienna Circle and in the Lvov-Warsaw School -- ?ukasiewicz, Meinong, and Many-Valued Logic -- ?ukasiewiczian Logic of Tenses and The Problem of Determinism -- Kasimir Twardowski: An Essay on The Borderlines of Ontology, Psychology and Logic -- Some Remarks on the Place of Logical Empiricism in 20th Century Philosophy -- De Veritate: Austro-Polish Contributions to the Theory of Truth from Brentano to Tarski -- The Lvov-Warsaw School and the Vienna Circle.

A distinction is made between descriptive & explanatory-predictive models; they have different purposes which are often confused in the sociological literature. As an example of a formal analysis of an evaluative concept, the concept of distributive justice is examined by means of a formal definition of the situation to which the concept is intended to apply. Egalitarianism & optimality are postulated to characterize a just distribution & their inconsistency is examined. Other normative models include retributive justice, obligation, & behavioral rationality. Limitations of normative models are discussed. They are useful for characterizing 'ideal' behavior for descriptive purposes. J. N. Mayer.