Suchergebnisse

Tanulmányunkban először is az amerikai hadsereg által eddigi leghatékonyabb, már a múlt század negyvenes éveiben alkalmazott Army Method (ún. audio-linguális) nyelvoktató módszer történetét és elméleti hátterét tekintjük át röviden, hangsúlyozva ennek lehetséges szerepét is a mai katonai nyelvoktatásban. Ezt követően az interkulturális kompetencia fogalmát, illetve előzményeit vizsgáljuk, kitérve néhány ezt taglaló elméletre. Végül az interkulturális kompetencia szerepét emeljük ki általában az idegennyelv-oktatásban (nemcsak az angol, de pl. a német nyelv oktatásában is), illetve ezen belül a katonai nyelvoktatásban, kitérve e módszer szükségességét már felismerő és alkalmazó hazai nyelvoktatói programokra, tanulságos és tovább gondolható példaként mutatva be azokat a jövő (katonai) nyelvoktatását illetően.

In the European Union and in Hungary, the food and beverage industry is the leading manufacturing one. By contrast, food industry is seen less innovative compared to other branches of the economy, especially in the European Union. The level of the R&D spending is very low in the Hungarian food sector. Our paper applies Schmookler's demand pull innovation model in order to explore how external impetuses and internal knowledge resources influence the innovation development in the Hungarian agrifood industry. We applied OLS and hurdle regressions on a large and representative sample of Hungarian food SMEs, covering the whole supply chain. Results show that tacit knowledge is more prominent than explicit one. The use of internal tacit knowledge is significant and relevant in the innovation production process. On the other hand, R&D spending has a negative influence on innovation's success among the food SMEs.

This study aims to examine the impact of social tolerance of cultural diversity, and the ability to speak widely spoken languages, on economic performance. Based on the literature, the evidence is still controversial and unclear. Therefore, the study used panel data relating to (99) non-English speaking economies during the time period between 2009 and 2017. Following the augmented Solow model approach, the related equation was expanded, in this study, to include (besides human capital) social tolerance, the English language (as a lingua franca) and the level of openness. The model was estimated using the two-step system GMM approach. The results show that social tolerance of diversity and English language competence have a positive, but insignificant impact on the economy. Regarding policy implications, government and decision-makers can avoid the costs deriving from cultural diversity by adopting democratic and effective institutions that aim to achieve cultural justice and recognition, which, in turn, enhance the level of tolerance, innovation and productivity in the economy. Moreover, to ease intercultural communication within heterogeneous communities, it is necessary to invest in enhancing the quality of second language education which is necessary to make society more tolerant and the country more open to the global economy.

This paper investigates determinants of agricultural sector efficiency in ten new member states (NMS-10) of the European Union (EU) from Central and Eastern European countries by the non-parametric method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the panel data analysis. The agricultural sector efficiency varies between the NMS-10. We have found positive and significant association of the agricultural sector efficiency with the natural agricultural factor endowments, average farm size, farm specialization, small-scale farms, and the EU integration process. The foreign direct investments have an ambiguous affect, while the nominal assistance rate is not found significant. Reform and institutional developments and liberalization are associated with the agricultural sector efficiency positively, and vice versa infrastructure development and agricultural policy reforms, which have caused job flows and agricultural employment adjustments. The urban-rural income gap with job flows and agricultural labour adjustments have caused the agricultural sector efficiency positively.