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The author regards in this article the questions, which are connected with the ontological and epistemological foundations of the theoretical international studies. IR as science refl ects the main features of the dominating at the epoch scientifi c world pictures as the way of cognition. As the term "scientifi c world picture" was formulated by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger as well as by the most prominent scholars of the fi rst part of the 20th century – by M. Planck, A. Einstein, N. Bohr, E. Schrödinger etc. Even if some contribution in the development of sciences was done already in the period of Antiquity and Middle Ages, the scientifi c world picture was formulated only with the transition to Modernity, with the exude of the human being from nature. Being based on the typology, done be the Russian academician philosopher V.S. Stepin . the author regards the specifi cs the main scientifi c world pictures, and their consequences in the classical, non classical and post non classical science. By the way, the IR science with great diffi culties accepts the new worldview, at its main part still functioning in a sense of the Newtonian mechanistic world picture. Even if the attempts have been made to be fi tted into the new scientifi c world pictures, the gap between the natural and social sciences is still diffi cult to overcome, and the usage of the newest world view ideas is still fragmented and even marginal. Because of that the latest attempt to fi nd soma balance between the traditions and innovations, by the most famous constructivist Alexander Wendt with his newest book "quantum Mind and Social Science" deserves through attention and analysis. ; В настоящей статье автор рассматривает вопросы, связанные с онтологическими и эпистемологическими основаниями теоретико- международных исследований. Наука о международных отношениях отражает основные черты господствующих в ту или иную эпоху картин мира как способа научного познания. Понятие «картины мира» было сформулировано немецким философом Мартином Хайдеггером, а также целым рядом крупнейших ученых начала ХХ века М. Планком, А. Эйнштейном, Н. Бором, Э. Шредингером и др. Хотя определенный вклад в развитие наук был внесен еще в эпоху Античности и Средневековья, научная картина мира была сформирована только с переходом к Модерну, с выделением человека из природного мира. Опираясь на типологию научных картин мира, предложенную российским философом науки академиком В.С. Степиным, автор рассматривает специфику основных картин мира, следствием которых стала классическая, неклассическая и постнеклассическая наука. Вместе с тем, наука о международных отношениях с очень большим трудом принимает новое мировоззрение, в значительной части все еще оставаясь в ньютоновско-механистической картине мира. Хотя все же предпринимаются попытки вписаться в новые картины мира, разрыв между естественными и социальными науками продолжает оставаться крайне трудно преодолимым, а использование новейших мировоззренческих идей фрагментарным и даже маргинальным. Именно поэтому новая попытка нахождения баланса между традициями и инновациями, которую предпринял один из наиболее известных конструктивистов Александр Вендт своей новой книгой «Квантовый разум и социальная наука» заслуживает внимательного прочтения и анализа.

The article examines evolution of scholarly approaches towards the phenomenon of the "national security." By the early 21st century this notion found its way in the official strategic documents of a wide range of states. The authors examine the Russian and international record of analysis in the field of national security, and assess the adequacy of existing views on this subject taking in the account emerging threats, risks and challenges, as well as the tasks of sustainable development of a country in the social, economic, political, information, spiritual and other areas. They start by presenting the early conceptualizations of this term in the debates of American experts in the 1950s and the 1960s. An important innovation of that period was disentanglement of the national security from purely territorial and military threat, by preparing for other types of contingencies. The article additionally examines the struggle between two alternative approaches towards protecting the national security in the United States: the one founded on unilateral domination and the other prioritizing collective actions. It demonstrates that the one important result of the Western debates was the emergence of a new field of study defined by policy relevant studies, which produce useful, original, and verifiable inferences, which are then injected in decision-making process. In order to promote a similar institutionalized expertise, the article suggests seceding the study of the national security in a separate discipline. This step will enable to further promote the training of specialists not only in the field of national security and strategic planning, but also political scientists and future specialists for the public service. The need for this is obviously related to the tasks of improving the quality of policy making and strategic planning in the Russian Federation, the implementation of national projects in an extremely complex international environment.