Suchergebnisse

Part 1. Changing Patterns and Governance of Migration -- 1. Migration in West Africa: An Introduction (Joseph Kofi Teye) -- 2. Free Movement and Regional Integration in the ECOWAS Sub-Region (Faisal Garba and Thomas Yeboah) 3. Faith and Agency in High Risk Irregular Migration from West Africa across the Sahara: Evidence from Senegal (Priya Deshingkar and Doudou Dièye Gueye) -- 4. Gendered Dynamics of Migration in West Africa (Nauja Kleist and Mary Setrana) -- Part 2. Managing Environmental and Forced Migration -- 5. Climate-induced Migration in West Africa (Joseph Kofi Teye) -- 6. 'Hanging in the Air': The Experiences of Liberian Refugees in Ghana (Heaven Crawley and Veronica Fynn Bruey) -- 7. Gaps in Protection for West African Migrants in Times of Crisis: The Role of a Multi-Stakeholder Platform within a Partnership in Preparedness Model (Leander Kandilige) -- 8. Vulnerability in Return and Reintegration of Forced Migrants in Nigeria (Amanda Bisong) -- Part 3. Diaspora, Transnationalism, and Development -- 9. International Migration, Diaspora Investments and Development: A Nigerian Critical Perspective (Olayinka Akanle) -- 10. International Remittances and Development in West Africa: The Case of Burkina Faso (Alexandra Tapsoba) -- 11. The Janus-Face of Contemporary Migration: Understanding the Geographies of Return Migration Intentions among West African Immigrants Abroad (Joseph Mensah).

AbstractAlthough there are contesting perspectives on migration, there is little understanding of how narratives of various policy actors shape migration governance in West Africa. This paper relies on a desk‐review and qualitative data to examine the narratives that shape migration policy formulation and outcomes in West Africa. The findings indicate that while various stakeholders have been championing divergent narratives on migration, programmes that have been adopted by West African countries to manage migration have largely been based on the narratives of political elite and international development partners, although there were situations where these narratives were not supported by any strong evidence. While early views on the impacts of international migration portrayed it as a threat to socio‐economic development, more recent narratives have recognized the potential of migration to contribute to socio‐economic transformation. Consequently, various West African countries are developing policies to harness the benefits of immigration, emigration and return migration for socio‐economic development.

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 South-South Migration and Inequality: An Introduction -- The Scale and Importance of South-South Migration -- The Relationships Between Migration and Inequality -- The Importance of Global South Perspectives -- The Contributions to this Handbook -- References -- Part I Conceptualising South-South Migration -- 2 The Enduring Impacts of Slavery: A Historical Perspective on South-South Migration -- Introduction: A Critical View of the Minority World and South-South Migration -- An Overview of the Transatlantic Slave Trade -- The Legacy of Slavery -- Slavery and the Protracted Displacement of Liberians in West Africa -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- 3 Recentring the South in Studies of Migration -- Introduction -- Redressing Eurocentrism in Migration Studies -- Examining the applicability of classical concepts and frameworks in the South -- Studying Migration in the South and South-South Migration -- The Geopolitics of Knowledge Production -- Decentring the North Qua Recentring the South? -- The Politics of Recentring -- The "South" or "Southern Theories"? -- The Politics of Citation: Beyond Diversity and Inclusion -- The Politics of "Quoted" Knowledge: Rethinking the Wound -- References -- 4 Writing the Refugee Camp: A Southern-Southern Correspondence -- I -- II -- III -- IV -- V -- Writing the Camp -- Refugees Are Dialectical Beings -- Anthropologists -- 5 Migration Research, Coloniality and Epistemic Injustice -- Introduction -- The State of Academic Migration Research -- Migration Research, Epistemic Injustice and Epistemic Oppression -- Eurocentrism in Migration Studies -- Epistemic Exploitation -- Wilful Hermeneutical Ignorance -- Addressing the Eurocentrism of Migration Research -- Conclusion.

This open access handbook examines the phenomenon of South-South migration and its relationship to inequality in the Global South, where at least a third of all international migration takes place. Drawing on contributions from nearly 70 leading migration scholars, mainly from the Global South, the handbook challenges dominant conceptualisations of migration, offering new perspectives and insights that can inform theoretical and policy understandings and unlock migration's development potential. The handbook is divided into four parts, each highlighting often overlooked mobility patterns within and between regions of the Global South, as well as the inequalities faced by those who move. Key cross-cutting themes include gender, race, poverty and income inequality, migration decision making, intermediaries, remittances, technology, climate change, food security and migration governance. The handbook is an indispensable resource on South-South migration and inequality for academics, researchers, postgraduates and development practitioners.

This paper relies on literature review and primary data collected through in-depth interviews with 21 respondents to examine the political economy dynamics of the cocoa value chain in Ghana. The historical analysis, which was based on the political settlements framework, has shown that the policies implemented in the cocoa sector went through four periods. The colonial era was characterised by a fairly corporate governance system and struggle between European traders and farmer cooperatives for monopoly over internal marketing of cocoa. This was followed by the early post-independence era (1957–1980), which was characterised by neopatrimonialism and over-taxation of cocoa farmers. The third phase (1980–2000) witnessed economic reforms and liberalisation. The fourth phase (2000 to present) saw increased public–private partnerships aimed at empowering women and promoting environmentally friendly farming activities. The paper concludes that the policies in the cocoa sector have, historically, created more benefits (rents) to political elite and their crony capitalists. Given that rent-seeking behaviour is a threat to the sustainability of the cocoa sector, the paper urges international development partners and civil society groups to demand greater accountability and transparency from the political elite and state institutions in the cocoa sector.

This paper relies on literature review and primary data collected through in-depth interviews with 21 respondents to examine the political economy dynamics of the cocoa value chain in Ghana. The historical analysis, which was based on the political settlements framework, has shown that the policies implemented in the cocoa sector went through four periods. The colonial era was characterised by a fairly corporate governance system and struggle between European traders and farmer cooperatives for monopoly over internal marketing of cocoa. This was followed by the early post-independence era (1957–1980), which was characterised by neopatrimonialism and over-taxation of cocoa farmers. The third phase (1980–2000) witnessed economic reforms and liberalisation. The fourth phase (2000 to present) saw increased public–private partnerships aimed at empowering women and promoting environmentally friendly farming activities. The paper concludes that the policies in the cocoa sector have, historically, created more benefits (rents) to political elite and their crony capitalists. Given that rent-seeking behaviour is a threat to the sustainability of the cocoa sector, the paper urges international development partners and civil society groups to demand greater accountability and transparency from the political elite and state institutions in the cocoa sector.

INTERACT - Researching Third Country Nationals' Integration as a Three-way Process - Immigrants, Countries of Emigration and Countries of Immigration as Actors of Integration ; International migration, especially to European destinations, is an age old phenomenon for many Ghanaians. While at their various destinations, the Ghanaian Diaspora continues to foster close ties with the country and leverage on opportunities that policies and programmes present to them. There is no known recognised migration governance framework in the country, although a draft migration policy is currently under review. Despite these shortfalls, the Ghanaian state recognises its diaspora as agents for co-development. Non-state actors have equally engaged in activities which are anchored on facilitating dialogue between the diaspora and Ghana. This paper reviews the various state and non-state level policies and programmes which facilitate the participation of the Ghanaian Diaspora in development activities. The paper concludes that while Ghana has very robust laws, which seek to facilitate the participation of the diaspora in development, many of the laws also limit their full involvement in some aspects of socio-economic development of the country. It is recommended that the State hastens the process for the passage of the national migration policy, which will comprehensively deal with migration in its entirety. ; INTERACT is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

Recent studies indicate that poor migrants are more likely to depend on social capital among other resources for livelihoods in host communities. Relying on insights from the social networks theory and using qualitative data from two migrant sending regions and one migrant destination area in Ghana, this paper examines the role and effects of networks of social capital on migration processes and livelihood strategies of migrants in the construction and domestic work sectors in Accra, Ghana. The paper argues that different categories of migrants fashion out specific migration strategies based on a complex intersection of social networks, which is shaped by specific contexts. Therefore the various ways in which migrants access, maintain and construct different types of networks in varied social locations and with diverse people needs to be interrogated in a more nuanced way and their policy implications addressed.

This paper provides a broad review of agrarian change in Ghana by highlighting the major developments in the agrarian political economy and their implications for agricultural commercialisation and its modifying influence on land tenure systems, livelihoods, production systems, social relations, and labour relations. While current land tenure arrangements and labour relations in Africa are often explained in terms of globalisation, we argue that the historical context of agricultural commercialisation in Ghana shows continuities and discontinuities in agrarian relations from the colonial period to the present. We also argue that changes over the years have blended with globalisation to produce the distinct forms of labour relations that we see today. The commercialisation of agriculture in Ghana has evolved progressively from the colonial era aided by policies of coercion, persuasion and incentives to its current globalised form. The expansion in the range of commodities over time necessarily increased the demand for more land and labour. The article contributes to the literature by providing great insights into changes in land and labour relations due to increasing commercialisation, and how these enhanced wealth accumulation for the richer segments of society and global capital to the detriment of the poor throughout Ghana's agrarian history.

Since the 1980s, a neoliberal paradigm has guided agricultural policy formulation in Africa with an unflinching preference for the commercialization of agriculture through the incorporation of smallholder farmers into global circuits of accumulation via outgrower arrangements. The paradigm has claimed that the promotion of integrated value chains will create jobs and enhance incomes in agrarian areas. This article assesses the manner in which men and women are positioned differentially in the outgrower value chains in terms of employment benefits. Drawing on interviews, the article explores the employment pattern in the outgrower value chain system and the structural dynamics that lead to benefits, or otherwise, for men and women in Ghana's largest fruit-processing company, Blue Skies, and its outgrower farms. This study finds that many jobs were created along the value chain for men and women, but that men have occupied the high-earning echelon of the value chain as outgrowers, as well as more secure positions as permanent staff in the factory, women have largely been employed as disposable casual workers in these two spaces.