The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, which appears as one of the OAS organs for the promotion and protection of human rights, with its firm action ends up having significant effects on normative production and the development of public policies in favor of human rights of the Brazilian state. Such action derives from the attributions conferred upon them, in particular those related to the preparation of studies, reports and the proposition of recommendations to the States, as well as the adoption of measures that favor the system of protection of human rights at the domestic level and also as regards to the knowledge of individual petitions and interstate communications that contain denunciations of rights that have been debased. Although the reports issued by the Commission are not binding as they don't have the legal nature of a decision, it is often noted that when a report is issued against a particular state that there has been a violation of human rights, it ends up employing efforts to change the situation in the country through legislative changes and public policies. The present study intends to analyze some consequences of the reports issued by the Inter-American Commission in face of the Brazilian State whose contrary manifestations count twenty incidences. However, for the purpose of this analysis, which will use the hypothetical-deductive method, where the impact of the recommendations on the internal legal order will be demonstrated, only three cases will be dealt with, since a time frame of the last ten years has been adopted.
Objectif : L'objectif de cet article c'est d'analyser la pandémie du coronavirus prise dans sa dimension de catastrophe mondiale, ainsi que le fait que ses effets sont plus graves sur les personnes en situation de vulnérabilité, manifestant ainsi l'existence d'une véritable crise des droits de l'Homme. En tant que problème mondial, sa prise en compte conduit à l'adoption de mesures conjointes et coordonnées par les États, en application du principe de solidarité.Méthodologie : La méthode hypothético-déductive est utilisée dans la préparation de la recherche, en partant de l'hypothèse que les groupes les plus vulnérables sont plus susceptibles de subir la violation des droits causée par la pandémie.Résultats : Cette recherche a montré que le Brésil connaît une crise des droits de l'Homme en raison des effets de la catastrophe du COVID-19, en particulier l'impact sur certains groupes de personnes en situation de vulnérabilité. Par ailleurs, face à l'absence de politiques publiques efficaces, de nombreuses actions individuelles soutenues par l'initiative privée ont été entreprises en faveur de ces groupes vulnérables et en application du principe de solidarité.Contributions : Le présent travail s'inscrit dans l'application des principes de solidarité mondiale et de non-indifférence comme véritable boussole pour guider les pratiques des États face aux situations les plus défavorables qui se manifestent dans le domaine des relations internationales, qu'il s'agisse de crises économiques, de catastrophes environnementales, de bouleversements sociaux, de crime organisé, de trafic de drogue, de rupture de l'État de droit, de conflits armés, de faim, de misère et de maladies, comme dans le cas du COVID-19.Mots-clés: Pandémie; catastrophe mondiale; solidarité internationale; droits de l'Homme; groupes vulnérables. RESUMOObjetivo: O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a pandemia do coronavírus como catástrofe global, bem como o fato de que seus efeitos são mais graves sobre pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade, a indicar a existência de uma verdadeira crise de direitos humanos. Enquanto problema de ordem mundial, seu enfrentamento enseja a adoção de medidas conjuntas e coordenadas pelos Estados, em aplicação ao princípio da solidariedade.Metodologia: Na elaboração da pesquisa, utiliza-se o método hipotético-dedutivo, na medida em que se partiu do pressuposto de que grupos mais vulneráveis são mais suscetíveis à violação de direitos causada pela pandemia.Resultados: Esta pesquisa demonstrou que o Brasil vivencia uma crise de direitos humanos em razão do impacto da catástrofe da COVID-19, em especial no impacto em alguns grupos de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade. Além disso, observa-se que diante da deficiência de políticas públicas efetivas, inúmeras ações individuais com apoio da iniciativa privada foram empreendidas em prol desses grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade e em aplicação do princípio da solidariedade.Contribuições: O presente trabalho delineia na aplicação dos princípios da solidariedade global e da não indiferença como uma verdadeira bússola a orientar as práticas dos Estados diante das mais adversas situações que se manifestam no campo das relações internacionais, sejam elas provenientes de crises econômicas; catástrofes ambientais; convulsão social; crime organizado; tráfico de drogas; rompimento com o Estado de Direito; conflitos armados; fome, miséria e doenças, como no caso da COVID-19.Palavras-chave: Pandemia; catástrofe global; solidariedade internacional; direitos humanos; grupos vulneráveis. ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this article is to analyze the pandemic of the coronavirus as a global catastrophe, as well as the fact that its effects are more serious on people in vulnerable situations, indicating the existence of a real human rights crisis. As a global problem, its confrontation requires the adoption of joint and coordinated measures by the States, applying the principle of solidarity.Methodology: The hypothetical-deductive method is used in this research, since it is based on the assumption that more vulnerable groups are more susceptible to the violation of rights caused by the pandemic.Results: This research has shown that Brazil is experiencing a human rights crisis due to the impact of the COVID-19 catastrophe, especially in the impact on some groups of people in vulnerable situations. In addition, it is observed that in the face of the deficiency of effective public policies, numerous individual actions with support from private initiative have been undertaken on behalf of these groups in situations of vulnerability and in application of the principle of solidarity.Contributions: The present work outlines in the application of the principles of global solidarity and non-indifference as a true compass to guide the practices of States in the face of the most adverse situations that manifest themselves in the field of international relations, whether they come from economic crises; environmental catastrophes; social upheaval; organized crime; drug trafficking; breakdown with the rule of law; armed conflicts; hunger, misery and diseases, as in the case of COVID-19.Keywords: Pandemic; global catastrophe; international solidarity; human rights; vulnerable groups. ; Cet article vise à analyser la pandémie de coronavirus prise dans sa dimension de catastrophe mondiale, ainsi que le fait que ses effets sont plus graves sur les personnes en situation de vulnérabilité, manifestant ainsi l'existence d'une véritable crise des droits humains. En tant que problème mondial, sa prise en compte conduit à l'adoption de mesures conjointes et coordonnées par les États, en application du principe de solidarité. La méthode utilisée dans l'étude a été hypothétique-déductive, car la recherche partait de l'hypothèse que les groupes les plus vulnérables sont plus susceptibles de subir la violation des droits causée par la pandémie. Cette prémisse visait à obtenir des données prouvant ou indiquant une possible crise des droits de l'Homme vécue au Brésil. A cet effet, l'impact de -la Covid-19 sur certains groupes de personnes en situation de sous-suffisance a été observé, ainsi que l'efficacité de toute action entreprise en application du principe de solidarité.
