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AbstractWith the advent of mainstreaming, several different business models operate within the fair trade system. These differences are discussed in terms of how the value chain is governed, suggesting the need for a more nuanced understanding of fair trade in the mainstream. Institutional governance, that is, the structures and standards of fair trade, is also discussed. It is argued that if fair trade is to be more than just another consumer standard, it needs to address both value chain and institutional governance. Policy implications, especially with respect to fair trade institutions, particularly Fairtrade Labelling Organisations International, are set out. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

AbstractThis paper proposes a heuristic model that aims to render more visible tensions concerning the role of business or the invisible hand of the market with respect to development. Fair trade is used as an exemplar to explore the relevance of this model, highlighting the tensions apparent in using the market, particularly instruments such as standards and certificates as a vehicle to promote development. It concludes by highlighting the need to hold open and to value the space of politicisation and contestation in the relationship between business and development, if business is to contribute to the more systemic and radical aspirations that underlie development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Beyond CSR? : Business, poverty and social justice ; an introduction / Peter Newell and Jedrezj George Frynas. - S. 669-681 Reasons to be cheerful? : What we know about CSR's impact / Michael Blowfield. - S. 683-695 CSR and equality / Peter Utting. - S. 697-712 Do workers benefit from ethical trade? : Assessing codes of labour practice in global production systems / Stephanie Barrientos and Sally Smith. - S. 713-729 Beyond women workers : gendering CSR / Ruth Pearson. - S. 731-749 The UN global compact and substantive equality for women : revealing a 'well hidden' mandate / Maureen A. Kolgour. - S. 751-773 CSR and regulation : towards a framework for understanding private standards initiatives in the agri-food chain / Anne Tallontire. - S. 775-791 Globalising justice within coffee supply chains? : Fair trade, Starbucks and the transformation of supply chain governance / Kate Macdonald. - S. 793-812 BP in Azerbaidjan : a test of the potential and limits of the CSR agenda? / Lars H. Gulbrandsen and Arild Moe. - S. 813-830 Questioning CSR in the Brazilian atlantic forest : the case of Aracruz Celulose SA / David Fig. - S. 831-849 Monsanto and smallholder farmers : a case study in CSR / Dominic Glover. - S. 851-867

AbstractThis paper brings insights to Fair Trade exchanges by casting commodities beyond material and pecuniary gains to include interpersonal relations. Although numerous studies have highlighted that Fair Trade brings benefits beyond the economic, the process through which 'material things' may become imbued with non‐pecuniary value remains under‐explored. Our analysis of interviews with Fairtrade certified smallholder farmers in Vietnam and in India provides insight into the discursive constructs of their participation in Fair Trade exchanges. Social exchange theory enables us to reconceptualise exchanges in the Fairtrade market to take into account interpersonal processes and long‐term relations of exchange between actors. We find that Fair Trade is associated with benefits to both community and individuals and that these are intertwined and linked to participation in a democratic process in the cooperative. The pecuniary and non‐pecuniary value generated and sustained by farmer democratic organizations needs to be recognised by Fairtrade importing businesses.

PurposeThe recent departure of Fair Trade USA (FTUSA) from Fairtrade International is the most seismic event in the fair trade movement in the past decade. This paper aims to analyse recent dynamics between and within multiple fair trade strands and the attendant changes in vision and approach.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use and develop a framework focusing on the relationship between business and development to analyse the dominant narratives and practices of each different strand of fair trade. To unpack the various fair trade narratives, they have conducted a narrative analysis of policy documents and online debates in the wake of the split in the fair trade movement and they draw on recent impact studies.FindingsThe politicising narrative in fair trade stresses governance and voice based on clear structures of representation within the standards body, and recognizes the value of development inputs that do not focus solely on technical and quality development, but lead to organisational advocacy and representational capacity of producer organisations and the regional networks. In contrast "pragmatism" focuses more on economic empowerment and using the market to drive change, an approach that is gaining greater traction with the split of FTUSA from FLO, the most prominent body within Fairtrade International.Practical implicationsThe analysis raises implications with regards to how impact analysis captures both the pragmatic and politicising narratives.Originality/valueThe paper's originality/value lies in its novel use of narrative analysis and its early analysis of the shifting dynamics within fair trade precipitated by the departure of FTUSA.

Diversification into the production and export of horticultural crops is a strategy increasingly adopted by developing countries to enhance incomes, employment and foreign exchange earnings. However, a relatively small number of countries dominate exports of horticultural products from Sub-Saharan Africa and for most African countries the horticulture export sector has remained very small and/or has experienced severe bottlenecks to expansion. The Common Fund for Commodities (CFC) is financing projects to assist Least Developed Countries in the diversification of their commodity exports. As part of this programme, the CFC is funding this pilot project in Ethiopia and the Sudan to assess the needs and feasibility of developing commercial production of high value tropical fruit and vegetable products based on these countries' comparative advantage. The purpose of this report is to identify and prioritise the various capacity building measures that need to be devised and developed to overcome these constraints and thus facilitate an expansion of fruit and vegetable exports. The aim is to advise the relevant international and national institutions on modalities to adopt in order to strengthen the existing horticultural strategy in Ethiopia and Sudan and thus reduce poverty while enhancing the livelihood benefits accruing. The report has five chapters. The first is an introduction, while aspects of horticultural production and trade in Ethiopia and Sudan are discussed in Chapters 2 and 3 respectively. Chapter 4 reviews the international market situation looking specifically at European Union and Middle East markets. Chapter 5 contains conclusions and recommendations of the study. In addition, there are 7 Annexes, covering methodology, contacts and itinerary, workshops in Sudan and Ethiopia, detailed production and trade data, and materials consulted.