Suchergebnisse

Анотація. У роботі розглянуті питання вдосконалення технології процесу перевезення пасажирів за рахунок організації на міських автобусних маршрутах комбінованого режиму. Розроблено економіко-математичну модель, яка дозволяє досліджувати і визначати доцільність і раціональні параметри введення комбінованих швидкісних форм сполучення. Наведені результати моделювання та оцінка ефективності введення швидкісного сполучення на міському маршруті № 70 (м. Дніпро). ; Problem. Despite certain governmental support, the efficiency of urban passenger transport remains low under the current inflation. Improved economic feasibility of AOCs is possible if only combined operation mode for buses is implemented. Implementation of the measure results in the accelerated transportation, efficient use of road transport vehicles, and transportation services as well as significant reduction in combustible and lubrication materials, and current repair and maintenance of buses. However, lack of uniform methodology and reliable substantiation techniques, neglected basic economic and social factors of transportation process as well as high labour intensity of the available developments complicate seriously determination of rational parameters of the combined transportation forms implementation hindering their wide use. Goal is to develop methods as well as economic and mathematical model making it possible to study and determine both expediency and rational parameters of implementation of combined speedy transportation forms in terms of certain urban route using the selected efficiency criteria. To estimate the modeling results, it is also required to develop a structure of the efficiency complex index while implementing combined transportation forms which would involve basic economic, technologic, and social components of passenger transportation process. Methodology. The paper has applied calculation and experimental approaches. With the help of mathematical modeling, calculation technique has analyzed the effect of different ratios of buses, involved in customary and speedy transportation forms, on the estimation criterion of the combined transportation mode efficiency. Experimental technique studied characteristics of passenger flows within a route, determined average distances of passenger trips, turnover coefficient, and transportation velocity for various types of bus traffics. Results. The proposed nonequilibrum passenger flow coefficient made it possible to obtain zones of preliminary estimation of expediency to implement corresponding transportation forms within certain routes. Efficiency criteria to implement such combined transportation forms have been formulated. A structure of complex efficiency index has been proposed helping select the best variant of numerous ones while involving basic economic, technological, and social indices of passenger transportation process. Originality. To implement a procedure of passenger number redistribution between customary transportation type and speedy one (depending upon the number of buses of corresponding form), a technique has been proposed. The technique is based upon logic analysis of the two matrices: a matrix of interstop correspondence, and a standard time matrix for buses to travel between stopping points of their route. Practical value. Rational parameters to implement the combined transportation type in terms of urban route 70 (city of Dnipro) substantiating release of 7 buses from transportation process and making it possible to reduce unproductive transportation from 2 471.2 down to 216.7 pas. ∙km as well as transportation passenger time consuming from 385.6 down 378.4 hours (including transportation time reduce from 351.0 down to 296.9 hours). ; В работе рассмотрены вопросы усовершенствования технологии перевозочного процесса пассажиров за счет организации на городских автобусных маршрутах комбинированного режима сообщения. Разработана экономико-математическая модель, которая позволяет исследовать и определять целесообразность и рациональные параметры ввода комбинированных скоростных форм сообщения. Представлены результаты моделирования и оценка эффективности введения скоростного сообщения на городском маршруте №70 (г. Днепр).

Анотація. У роботі розглянуті питання вдосконалення технології процесу перевезення пасажирів за рахунок організації на міських автобусних маршрутах комбінованого режиму. Розроблено економіко-математичну модель, яка дозволяє досліджувати і визначати доцільність і раціональні параметри введення комбінованих швидкісних форм сполучення. Наведені результати моделювання та оцінка ефективності введення швидкісного сполучення на міському маршруті № 70 (м. Дніпро). ; Problem. Despite certain governmental support, the efficiency of urban passenger transport remains low under the current inflation. Improved economic feasibility of AOCs is possible if only combined operation mode for buses is implemented. Implementation of the measure results in the accelerated transportation, efficient use of road transport vehicles, and transportation services as well as significant reduction in combustible and lubrication materials, and current repair and maintenance of buses. However, lack of uniform methodology and reliable substantiation techniques, neglected basic economic and social factors of transportation process as well as high labour intensity of the available developments complicate seriously determination of rational parameters of the combined transportation forms implementation hindering their wide use. Goal is to develop methods as well as economic and mathematical model making it possible to study and determine both expediency and rational parameters of implementation of combined speedy transportation forms in terms of certain urban route using the selected efficiency criteria. To estimate the modeling results, it is also required to develop a structure of the efficiency complex index while implementing combined transportation forms which would involve basic economic, technologic, and social components of passenger transportation process. Methodology. The paper has applied calculation and experimental approaches. With the help of mathematical modeling, calculation technique has analyzed the effect of different ratios of buses, involved in customary and speedy transportation forms, on the estimation criterion of the combined transportation mode efficiency. Experimental technique studied characteristics of passenger flows within a route, determined average distances of passenger trips, turnover coefficient, and transportation velocity for various types of bus traffics. Results. The proposed nonequilibrum passenger flow coefficient made it possible to obtain zones of preliminary estimation of expediency to implement corresponding transportation forms within certain routes. Efficiency criteria to implement such combined transportation forms have been formulated. A structure of complex efficiency index has been proposed helping select the best variant of numerous ones while involving basic economic, technological, and social indices of passenger transportation process. Originality. To implement a procedure of passenger number redistribution between customary transportation type and speedy one (depending upon the number of buses of corresponding form), a technique has been proposed. The technique is based upon logic analysis of the two matrices: a matrix of interstop correspondence, and a standard time matrix for buses to travel between stopping points of their route. Practical value. Rational parameters to implement the combined transportation type in terms of urban route 70 (city of Dnipro) substantiating release of 7 buses from transportation process and making it possible to reduce unproductive transportation from 2 471.2 down to 216.7 pas. ∙km as well as transportation passenger time consuming from 385.6 down 378.4 hours (including transportation time reduce from 351.0 down to 296.9 hours). ; В работе рассмотрены вопросы усовершенствования технологии перевозочного процесса пассажиров за счет организации на городских автобусных маршрутах комбинированного режима сообщения. Разработана экономико-математическая модель, которая позволяет исследовать и определять целесообразность и рациональные параметры ввода комбинированных скоростных форм сообщения. Представлены результаты моделирования и оценка эффективности введения скоростного сообщения на городском маршруте №70 (г. Днепр).

The article analyzes the content of the two leading fed-eral publications of the FRG - the conservative paper Die Welt and the centrist paper Die Zeit. The authors face the task to examine the dynamics of material presentation on the topic of migration from 2014 to 2019. In the course of a comprehensive analysis of the texts, the authors have achieved unpredicted research results: more and more materials criticizing the federal policy in the sphere of migration are published in the conservative paper; the centrist paper, on the contrary, begins to focus on biographical stories of refugees, their problems and the gaps in the federal migration legislation. ; В статье на материале немецких газет "Die Welt" и "Die Zeit" анализируется динамика подачи информации по миграционной тематике с 2014 по 2019 гг.