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. Af Abet: Ethiopia's Dlenbienphu?
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 247-261
Roots and Outcomes of Revolution: A Review
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 11-44
The Vanquished Revolutionary Army: Birth and Evolution
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 111-137
The Victorious Nationalists Insurgent Eritrea
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 55-75
Shire: “Unexpected Grand Failure”
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 262-290
Ogaden: “Socialist” Neighbors at War
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 182-217
Nakfa: “Even the Mountains Fought”
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 218-246
The Victorious Ethnonationalists: Insurgent Tigray
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 76-110
The Vanquished Revolutionary Army: Defeat and Demise
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 138-176
Massawa: The Denouement
In: The Ethiopian Revolution, S. 291-310
The Red Terror in Ethiopia: A Historical Aberration
In: Journal of developing societies: a forum on issues of development and change in all societies, Band 24, Heft 2, S. 183-206
ISSN: 1745-2546
This article was inspired by Arno Mayer's magisterial work on the French and Russian revolutions. It is Mayer's thesis that two social forces with irreconcilable political views and objectives fought to the finish in both revolutions. Violence and terror were inevitable. In Ethiopia, the deadly conflict that metamorphosed into the Red Terror was not between conservative and radical forces, but between two modern political organizations which shared the same ideology and strategic goals – but used different tactics. Terror, the article argues, was avoidable. The intent is not to test the validity of Mayer's theory, but to show the peculiarity of the Ethiopian experience.
From Af Abet to Shire: the defeat and demise of Ethiopia's 'Red' Army 1988–89
In: The journal of modern African studies: a quarterly survey of politics, economics & related topics in contemporary Africa, Band 42, Heft 2, S. 239-281
ISSN: 1469-7777
Within a period of just a year during the late 1980s, the Ethiopian Revolutionary or 'Red' Army suffered serious defeat in both Eritrea and Tigray. Although numerically and technically superior to its opponents, dissension in the army's ranks, political meddling from Addis Ababa, loss of will, and the remarkable skill and determination of its opponents prevented it from achieving victory. Two years after its humiliating defeat in Tigray, the army collapsed, and the military regime it had sustained disappeared. Eritrea succeeded in declaring its independence and the Tigrayan rebels seized power in Ethiopia. This article demonstrates that the Eritrean and Tigrayan forces ultimately won because they had grass-roots support and because they were able to back each other militarily and politically. In the meantime, the dictatorship in Addis Ababa was losing popular support as its 'citizens' were no longer willing to make the sacrifices that were necessary to continue the struggle. Only by considering these points can we appreciate why Africa's second-largest army was annihilated or, conversely, why the insurgents triumphed, for their success was not inevitable.