Suchergebnisse

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has attracted support and critique for its legitimacy and potential success. Its opponents see challenges more than prospects because of American inattention and resistance, and its proponents see prospects more than challenges because of the attention from the rest of the world. While both sides use valid reasons for their explicit or implicit views, they focus on the legitimacy by its taken-for-granted status. The BRI project as innovation is at the legitimisation process stage. To address the legitimisation of the BRI project innovation, we use rhetorical theory to analyse the Chinese official report in 2019, the American versus European media response to the BRI project and the US direct response to the BRI in the Indo-Pacific Strategy in 2019. Our exploratory findings show insights into the subjects, industries and regions. Firstly, the American media attention far exceeds the European media attention. Secondly, the American media attention and direct response to the BRI highlight the political issues, and the European media attention highlights economic issues. The Chinese official report mentions European countries, and excludes the USA. Thirdly, it uses Pakistan more frequently than other countries or regions in its achievement report, but the US has not mentioned Pakistan at all in its Indo-Pacific Strategy. Fourthly, the US political logic diverges from the logic of the BRI project, while the European economic logic converges to the logic of the BRI project. Based on these findings, we contribute to the legitimisation process of innovation, rhetorical theory and policy implications in the world.

Small family businesses (SFBs) encounter disruption during the inter-generational succession that has drawn attention to the founder's apprehension but has overlooked the contextual attention in intensity and inter-contextual interaction. Inter-contextual interaction refers to the combination of two contexts such as actors and place or timing and structure. This article addresses this question to explore the salience of contextual intensity and bricolage between two contexts (e.g. actors and place) through a two-stage method. First, we used qualitative data and codified it, using content analysis. Second, we used quantified content analysis for the intensity and bricolage within and between contextual attention of the founder. We applied the contextual bricolage framework based on five rhetorical contexts as variables. Based on 200 questions used in the 18 in-depth interviews with founders engaged in the process of inter-generation succession, we coded the data along with the interview questions as observations and the contextual elements as the variable, for a descriptive analysis of the themes and inter-contextual bricolage of correlations. The findings of basic statistical analysis for the exploratory purpose show the result in two stages: inter-contextual bricolage of five rhetorical contexts and inter-actor intensity against functions and structures. In the inter-contextual bricolage, function-structure (r = 83 %), actor-structure (r = 81 %), and function-actor (r = 79 %) take the top position in the bricolage. In the inter-actor bricolage vis-à-vis functions and structures, the collective (we), children (they), and the self (I), and the parent (family) show high inter-correlations with functions and structures. Our analysis of this study supports bricolage, identifies inter-contextual bricolage, and highlights the salience of function and structures with actors within and between rhetorical references. Spatial and temporal concerns appear weaker in the SFB succession in Thailand.

China and Russia have transitioned from centralised economies to mixed markets, they have developed institutions and economic sectors and they joined hands in the strategic partnership in economic and political paths through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Most writers compare or contrast their political and economic powers and preferences vis-a-vis Western cultures and countries; none assess the cultural and contextual styles between the two partners. We build on this question to assess whether and how the two neighbours differ in negotiation style rather than how their institutions shape their behaviour. Based on the behavioural negotiation framework proposed in the early 1990s, we gathered evidence through two surveys: one in Russia and the other in China. We received 988 responses from China and 708 responses from Russia, which we analysed in correlational statistics. The statistical analysis shows negative correlations for four styles of negotiation and positive correlations for six styles of negotiation. We interpreted the negative correlation as divergence between the two cultures and positive correlation as convergence between the two cultures on those styles. The magnitude of the correlation further supports the competing positions of the two cultures on the semantic spectrums. We offer theoretical and policy suggestions at the end of the article. In concluding remarks, we draw attention to multiple gaps which can be filled in future research.

Abstract
We explored whether university populations (intensity) moderate the link between FDI (foreign direct investment) or DDI (domestic direct investment) and the city's innovativeness in the ICT sector. With the moderating role of universities between resources and the city's development level, we relied on institutional theory. Institutional theory combines the technical and symbolic concepts (network structure) of the university. With panel data based on 5166 observations from 287 Chinese cities over 18 years (1999 to 2016), we used the maximum likelihood method to test hypotheses for direct and indirect effects. The direct effect of baseline hypotheses represents the FDI and DDI; university intensity has a moderating effect. In the former case, the FDI and DDI positively correlate with the city's innovativeness in China's ICT sector. In the latter case, the population of universities in the city positively moderates the relation between these resources and the city's development level. These findings contributed to the literature at three levels. First, the study contributes to ICT development and the city's innovativeness in the research context. Second, the study contributes to university intensity as a resource mobilizer in institutional theory, emphasising that interinstitutional interaction supports resource flow for better performance in certain geographical locations. Third, the study contributes to policy- and practice-related issues related to city development, the smart environment, and ICT development as an enabling infrastructure.