Suchergebnisse

Understanding sedimentation behavior and its transport capacity in the Tigris River is of significant importance owing to the detrimental consequences caused by it. This study investigates the sediment amounts transported along the reach of the Tigris River in Baghdad. The CCHE2D model which is a common tool developed by the National Center for Computational Hydrological Science and Engineering (NCCHE) was applied to investigate the flow pattern and sediment amounts within 7 km reach. The model was initially calibrated and validated under steady-state conditions at the Sarai gauging station (upstream) and its performance was evaluated around the Abu Nawas water treatment plant (downstream). The result shows that the water surface level and velocity in the Sarai Baghdad gauging station and Abu Nawas raw water station cross-sections are different due to different considerations which are discharged, bank and bed soil types, channel velocity, and section shape. Moreover, the sediment concentrations ranged between 0.240 - 0.350 kg/m3 at the cross-section of the Sarai Baghdad gauging station while the cross-section of Abu Nawas raw water station ranged between (0.040-0.090) kg/m3. Additionally, the study investigated the average suspended sediment concentration at the river reach which ranged from 150 to 300 kg/m3. Finally, the study demonstrated CCHE2D's capacity to simulate river flow and sediment movement.

The undertaken study includes investigating the performance and effluent characteristics of the treatment plant of Al-Doura refinery. Influent concentrations for some important contaminants, which are TDS, oil and grease, TSS, COD, BOD, and turbidity were 2595 mg/L, 13934 mg/L, 466.45 mg/L, 2538.9 mg/L, 1739.2 mg/L, and 89.18 NTU, respectively, while the effluent concentrations were 1337.8 mg/L, 0.53mg/L, 21.7mg/L, 25.45 mg/L, 17.81 mg/L, and 7.08 NTU, respectively, giving removal efficiencies of 44.47%, 99.99%, 94.4%, 98.96%, 98.96% and 92.05%, respectively. All these results indicate that Al-Doura wastewater treatment plant was efficient in removing contaminants according to Iraqi and EPA specifications. Hence, the second part of this study concentrated on finding a simple and efficient treatment method to treat the effluent so that it can be reused in the boiler system. A pilot plant was designed and dedicated for this purpose, including three units of granular activated carbon filter, ultra filtration filter, and reverse osmosis filter. Average removal efficiencies of oil and grease, turbidity, COD, and BOD were 85.25%, 100%, 34.92%, and 31.11%, respectively at the granular activated carbon filter, with very low efficiencies for the removal of TDs and conductivity. Ultra filtration showed average removal efficiencies for COD and BOD of 30.81% and 32.31%, respectively. While the average removal efficiencies for TDs and conductivity was very low. The reverse osmosis filter removed TDs and conductivity very efficiently, giving average removal efficiencies of 97.63% and 95.43%, respectively. In addition, it provided good removal percentages for COD and BOD, with values of 61.73% and 64.1%, respectively. A recycling procedure was created and the results were eventually comparable to those conferred by some of the traditional approaches.

Thirty-three samples of groundwater were taken from Dibdibba unconfined aquifer in the Zuber area southwestern parts of Basrah governorate south of Iraq to assess the groundwater quality. A statistical multivariate analysis was done using cations and anions, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) that were measured for drinking, livestock, and construction purposes. Residual sodium bicarbonate (RSBC), Magnesium Ratio (MR), and Permeability index (PI) were used to evaluate the suitability of the present samples for irrigation activity. The quality of groundwater in the study area is unsuitable for drinking water, industrial and building uses. But it is suitable for livestock uses, According to Residual Sodium Carbonate and Magnesium Ratio the groundwater in the study area are suitable for irrigation purposes, but unsuitable for Permeability index. Multivariate analysis results indicate the high positive correlation between Ec and TDS with other constituents, two significant clusters I and II are obtained with significant Ec and TDS responsible for playing the most effective in classifying the present samples. 71.85% and l2.21% of the present of the total variance of the groundwater samples were explained by Factor analyses, Factor I indicated increasing Cl-, Mg+2, Na+, and Ca+2 with the highest weight and Factor II show lower weight average of K+ concentration only. The results confirm the dissolution of sulfate salts and evaporate minerals, in addition to high agricultural lands and farm activities, besides the wastes from chemical construction industries.