Suchergebnisse

'Paramilitarism in the Balkans' is a systematic and thorough analysis of the phenomenon of paramilitary violence in the Balkans during the 'Greater War'. By analysing archival and primary source material from across the region, the phenomenon of irregular violence is traced back to its roots in the Ottoman Balkans.

AbstractAs elsewhere in Europe after the First World War, the Balkans went through a process of "paramilitarization." Unlike the rest of Europe, there existed a strong indigenous paramilitary culture originating from the time of Ottoman rule. In the interconnected, harsh political realities of victorious Yugoslavia and vanquished Bulgaria, both states and their political elites resolved to create new paramilitary formations. While in the case of Yugoslavia and its Organization Against Bulgarian Bandits there was a resurgence of an older style paramilitary formation, in Bulgaria leading figures of the ruling Bulgarian Agrarian National Union decided to create the Orange Guards—a completely new paramilitary formation based on the existing structure of their party. The common denominator for both formations was the threat posed by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization for security, territorial integrity, and the normal development of both states. As in most cases of paramilitary formation, their existence and actions were followed by violence, often marked by extreme brutality. Both the agrarian regime and Orange Guards perished in the violent summer of 1923, when a carefully planned and executed coup d'état ended the agrarian revolutionary attempt to transform Bulgarian society. The Organization Against Bulgarian Bandits, under the new name of Peoples Self-Defense, continued to function throughout the existence of the Yugoslav kingdom.

Jugoslaavia näide pärast I maailmasõdaThe example of Yugoslavia after WWIThe article analyses Yugoslavian politics in its border regions after WWI, as well as how the authorities took advantage of the local centuries-old paramilitary tradition for the purpose of ensuring order and suppressing resistance movements. The core of the approach is made up of examples from three events: suppression of rebellion in northern Montenegro in February 1919, the activities of the Chetniksin Macedonia in the spring and summer of 1919, and the organisation of the supporters of Albanian leader Essad Pasha in 1919–1920. In the Balkan Wars,Serbia annexed large areas which formerly belonged to the Ottoman Empireand were again transferred to Turkish control in WWI. Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), which was born after the end of WWI, had to strengthen its borders while suppressing the separatism of Macedonians and the conflicts with Albanians and the Montenegro border area clans. The situation was further complicated by the fact that neither the Serbs, the Bulgarians nor the Greeks recognised the Macedonians as a separate nation, but as a part of their respective nations. There were also conflicts between the Serbs, the Croats, the Slovenes and the Bosnian Muslims.Keywordsparamilitary, Balkan Wars, History of the Balkan countries, World War I, history of Yugoslavia, nation-building

Breaking the ice : Unofficial diplomacy -- Toward signing an agreement -- Hard talks : From military aid to military coordination -- The Balkan treaty : Toward the new Balkan alliance -- The key year of 1955 : Between the generals and the politicians -- Yugoslav military rapprochement to the West : Pretext and context -- Under a different light : Reconsiderations and stagnation of the military assistance program.

Sukob Jugoslavije i Informbiroa nikada nije prestajao da budi interesovanje naučne, stručne, političke i šire društvene javnosti. Budući da su arhivski izvori dugo bili nedostupni, mnogi aspekti IB ostali su do danas nepoznanica. Uvid u građu Vojnog arhiva otvorio je mogućnosti za šire proučavanje ove teme. Objavljivanje ovog zbornika dokumenata najbolji je doprinos toj ideji jer omogućava čitaocu da sam sklapa sliku i zaključuje o vremenu, događajima i ljudima. Da bi se lakše sagledali glavni pravci istraživanja, autori su građu podelili u četiri tematske celine, u kojima su dokumenta predstavljena u hronološkom nizu. Prva celina, "Partija između Tita i Staljina", obuhvata rad Partije u vojsci i njeno angažovanje tokom sukoba sa zemljama IB. Drugu celinu, "Stanje u graničnom regionu - ni rat ni mir", čine dokumenta koja svedoče o neposrednom dodiru u kojem su izbijali sva nepomirljivost i oštrina sukoba, ako se izuzme stradalništvo po jugoslovenskim gulazima. Treća, najobimnija celina, "Odbrambene pripreme", sadrži 104 dokumenta sa sastanaka najvišeg državnog i vojnog vrha, dok u četvrtoj celini, "Izazovi normalizacije odnosa", preovlađuju dokumenti o delatnosti Partije u vojsci. U knjizi Inform?iro i JNA sabrano je 156 originalnih dokumenata, kojima prethodi studijski uvod u kojem autori ukazuju na ključne tačke jugoslovenskog sukoba sa zemljama IB i podrobnije predstavljaju značaj dokumenata, olakšavajući time njihovo praćenje