Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this research paper is to examine the challenges facing the United Nations in practicing preventive diplomacy to maintain peace and security in the new world order. The main question of the research paper looked for answers to uncover the reasons behind the successes and failures of the preventive diplomacy tools used by the United Nations for about 90 armed conflicts after the post-Cold War era. The increasing number of national and international conflicts covered with complexity, difficulty, and big costs, demands that the international community focus on making the ultimate positive use of preventive diplomacy. The words of the eighth United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon saying that preventive diplomacy is not an option but a necessity. Obviously, these words tell that the UN has to take the lead to conduct preventive diplomacy in the international community by preventing disputes and conflicts arising from interstate and intrastate relationships. The research paper showed through discussing the definition and concept of preventive diplomacy in the UN context that the UN is mandated and possesses the means and tools to prevent disputes and conflicts from emerging and escalating into armed confrontation. The UN is empowered with its Charter which sets out the legal basis of preventive diplomacy. The paper showed the approaches of preventive diplomacy used in the UN in peace and war times. Then, examples if successes and failures of the UN operations around the world are presented leading to analysis and extracting the UN's challenges in practicing preventive diplomacy. The UN has performed well and succeeded in preventive diplomacy around the world, especially in collaboration with sub-regional organizations. At the same time, failures are recorded due to reasons related to the way of treating the disputes. The UN's options are limited to peaceful settlement of disputes and its action is restricted by rules of international law of intervention, especially with regard to the prohibition ...

This research paper is an attempt to investigate the phenomenon of global terrorism and its threats to the states security. The study clarifies the concept of terrorism and it its definition, then the categories of terrorism. Next, it shows how terrorism became a global phenomenon through the historical overview of international terrorism and the theories explaining it and its current situation. The causes of international terrorism are the economic cause, social cause, religions cause, political cause, and other causes. The study investigated the effects of international terrorism and its implications on international peace, states security and what had been done yet internationally in fighting terrorism. The study analyses the causes and the theoretical frameworks that stand behind the phenomenon. The study recommended to face the international terrorism through developing national strategies and strengthening international, regional and bilateral cooperation and coordination with the international counter-terrorism system in the context of the resolutions of the UN and building national intellectual system to confront terrorism and solving the major political conflicts which have direct impact on the terrorism.