Suchergebnisse

Die biologische Vielfalt (Biodiversität) auf unserem Planeten ist nicht nur beeindruckend, sondern auch von existenzieller Bedeutung für das Leben und Wohlergehen der Menschheit. Die Erhaltung der Biodiversität stellt eine der größten globalen Herausforderungen für das 21. Jh. dar. Sowohl internationale Vertragswerke, wie die von über 190 Staaten ratifizierte Biodiversitätskonvention, als auch nationale Gesetze und Strategien setzen sich einen umfassenden Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt zum Ziel. Die Indikatoren-Sets Gefäßpflanzenvielfalt und Naturdistanz sind Beispiele, wie der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Landnutzungsformen auf die Biodiversität beschrieben und räumlich dargestellt werden kann. Diese Indikatoren wurden im Rahmen des transdisziplinären Projektes "Werkzeuge für Modelle einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaft" (2008-2011) erstmals flächendeckend für ganz Österreich berechnet und öffentlich zur Verfügung gestellt (www.landnutzung.at). In einem Folgeprojekt wurden diese Indikatoren dazu verwendet, die Auswirkungen von Klimawandel und Politikmaßnahmen auf die Biodiversität im Jahre 2040 zu bewerten. Hierfür wurde ein interdisziplinärer und integrativer Modellverbund geschaffen, der räumlich detaillierte Analysen unterschiedlicher Politik- und Klimaszenarien und der daraus resultierenden Landnutzung ermöglicht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass Auswirkungen regional sehr stark variieren und sich von den Ergebnissen auf nationaler Ebene beträchtlich unterscheiden können. Das unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer räumlich hochaufgelösten Betrachtung.

Abstract. Snow gliding is a key factor for snow-glide avalanche
formation and soil erosion. This study considers atmospheric and snow
variables, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties and determines
their relevance for snow gliding at a test site (Wildkogel, Upper Pinzgau,
Austria) during winter 2014/2015. The time-dependent data were collected at a
high temporal resolution. In addition to conventional sensors, a "snow melt
analyzer" was used. The analysis shows that the soil temperature 10 cm below the surface, the
phytomass of mosses, the liquid water content in the snowpack, and the
static friction coefficient of the glide shoes had significant influence on
snow gliding during the whole winter. In the first period (October to
January) the soil moisture at the surface and 1.5 cm below the surface and
the length of the slope uphill of the glide shoes affected the snow gliding,
too. In the second period (February to May) the soil temperature at the
surface, the soil moisture 10 cm below the surface, and the slope angle had
additional influence on snow gliding. The role of the vegetation in the snow-glide process is determined by the
influence on the static friction coefficient caused by its composition and
characteristics and by moss-rich and short-stemmed canopies being seemingly
more interconnected with the snowpack. In addition to the soil and snow properties, the topography and the
vegetation characteristics, further investigations may be focused on the
freezing and melting processes in the uppermost soil layers and at the soil surface.

International audience ; This handbook is based on the results, reports, deliverables and user fora of a project entitled 'Merit based income from sustainable land management in mountain farming' (MERIT). This research was carried out under the RURAGRI programme ; an ERA-NET supported by the European Commission and national governmental funding bodies under the 7th EU Framework research Programme (FP 7, CA 235175).This handbook is targeted at policy makers from governmental bodies, public authorities, farmers' associations as well as other private or public organizations involved and interested in the development and implementation of agri-environmental policies. It provides information about the implementation of result-oriented agri-environmental measures, a relatively new approach of preserving, enhancing and supporting biodiversity on agricultural areas: here, in the context of meadows and pastures and other habitats and landscape elements in mountain regions in Europe. The handbook provides policy recommendations for the effective design, implementation and governance of such measures that can be adopted by public bodies (governments, other responsible administrative bodies) as well as private organisations (NGOs or food chain managers).

International audience ; This handbook is based on the results, reports, deliverables and user fora of a project entitled 'Merit based income from sustainable land management in mountain farming' (MERIT). This research was carried out under the RURAGRI programme ; an ERA-NET supported by the European Commission and national governmental funding bodies under the 7th EU Framework research Programme (FP 7, CA 235175).This handbook is targeted at policy makers from governmental bodies, public authorities, farmers' associations as well as other private or public organizations involved and interested in the development and implementation of agri-environmental policies. It provides information about the implementation of result-oriented agri-environmental measures, a relatively new approach of preserving, enhancing and supporting biodiversity on agricultural areas: here, in the context of meadows and pastures and other habitats and landscape elements in mountain regions in Europe. The handbook provides policy recommendations for the effective design, implementation and governance of such measures that can be adopted by public bodies (governments, other responsible administrative bodies) as well as private organisations (NGOs or food chain managers).

International audience ; This handbook is based on the results, reports, deliverables and user fora of a project entitled 'Merit based income from sustainable land management in mountain farming' (MERIT). This research was carried out under the RURAGRI programme ; an ERA-NET supported by the European Commission and national governmental funding bodies under the 7th EU Framework research Programme (FP 7, CA 235175).This handbook is targeted at policy makers from governmental bodies, public authorities, farmers' associations as well as other private or public organizations involved and interested in the development and implementation of agri-environmental policies. It provides information about the implementation of result-oriented agri-environmental measures, a relatively new approach of preserving, enhancing and supporting biodiversity on agricultural areas: here, in the context of meadows and pastures and other habitats and landscape elements in mountain regions in Europe. The handbook provides policy recommendations for the effective design, implementation and governance of such measures that can be adopted by public bodies (governments, other responsible administrative bodies) as well as private organisations (NGOs or food chain managers).