Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to show how both Jan Patočka and Jürgen Habermas, starting from a reinterpretation of the idea of «lifeworld», engaged a critique of modern civilisation, aiming (with different outcomes) at a redefinition of the concept of political community. In order to achieve this goal, I firstly focus on Patočka's understanding of modern rational civilisation and its attempt to fix the fracture between «life» and «world». At this stage, I take also advantage of Hans Blumenberg's distinction between these two terms, in order to better clarify Patočka's stance on this problem. Secondly, I analyse Habermas' ideas of lifeworld and system, and their uncoupling in modern societies, as well as the reemergence of this issue in Habermas' recent works on the European economic and political crisis. Finally, I focus on the very different ways in which Patočka and Habermas tackled the ideas of conflict and crisis in contemporary world, also in view of a possible path out of this crisis through a re-constitution of Europe.

This volume brings together a set of key writings of Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences co-recipient Elinor Ostrom and public choice political economy cofounder Vincent Ostrom, in which the two scholars introduce, elaborate and explain their approaches, conceptual frameworks and analytical perspectives to the study of institutions and institutional performance. The book brings together a number of texts representing the main analytical and conceptual vehicles articulated and used by the Ostroms and their collaborators in the creation of the so-called Bloomington School of public choice and institutional theory. The focus is hence on the conceptual lenses and theoretical apparatus that shaped the construction of their work; an attempt to illustrate them, via selected readings organized using a tentative interpretative framework. Its ultimate objective is not only to offer a direct introduction to the conceptual, theoretical and epistemic perspectives that shaped and inspired this prominent research program, but also to point out the fascinating intellectual avenues opened by the Ostroms' and that invite further exploration and investigation.--

This article examines the relation between two key, but seemingly opposed concepts in Jan Patocka's thought: epoche and the concrete institutional polis. In doing so it attempts to elucidate the inextricable relation between phenomenology and politics in the work of the Czech philosopher, and illustrate more broadly the possibilities for approaching the political from a phenomenological perspective. The article provides a phenomenological interpretation of "care for the soul" as closely linked to Patocka's reformulation of the core phenomenological notion of epoche. It argues that in Patocka's work, the epoche, traditionally conceived as a radical stepping back from the world must be rendered differently, not only as a negative freedom, but as the foundation of positive politics. Thus, the authors argue that there is a thematic and conceptual continuity between Patocka's phenomenological studies and his political work.

This paper examines the development and technological mediation of the concept of solidarity. We focus on the workplace as a focal point of solidarity relations, and utilise a phenomenological approach to describe and analyse those relations. Workplace solidarity, which has been historically concretised through social objects such as labor unions, is of particular political relevance since it has played an outsize role in the broader struggle for social, economic, and political rights, recognition, and equality. We argue that the use of automated decision support systems (ADS) in labor process management may negatively affect the formation of these relations. As solidarity motivates collective political action and risk-taking, the mediation and potential obstruction of solidarity relations by ADS is politically significant. We contribute to the growing literature on the "future of work" problem in elucidating the technological mediation of workplace solidarity.

AbstractThis article examines the relation between two key, but seemingly opposed concepts in Jan Patočka's thought: epoché and the concrete institutional polis. In doing so it attempts to elucidate the inextricable relation between phenomenology and politics in the work of the Czech philosopher, and illustrate more broadly the possibilities for approaching the political from a phenomenological perspective. The article provides a phenomenological interpretation of "care for the soul" as closely linked to Patočka's reformulation of the core phenomenological notion of epoché. It argues that in Patočka's work, the epoché, traditionally conceived as a radical stepping back from the world must be rendered differently, not only as a negative freedom, but as the foundation of positive politics. Thus, the authors argue that there is a thematic and conceptual continuity between Patočka's phenomenological studies and his political work.

AbstractFuture Humanities highlights the rise and convergence of new and critical humanities by publishing trans‐ and interdisciplinary research focused on diverse subjects and methodologies. These include, but are not limited to, philosophy, cultural and historical studies, religious studies, linguistics and semiotics, literature, and the arts as they intersect with various fields of study such as digital transformation and artificial intelligence, health ethics and biomedical technologies, climate change and biodiversity, and new media and communication. Special attention is given to the public dimension of these intersections and to the role that today's intellectuals play in their creation and development.

ObjectivesTo assess a range of tools and methods to support Trusted Research Environments (TREs) to assess output from AI methods for potentially identifiable information, investigate the legal and ethical implications and controls, and produce a set of guidelines and recommendations to support all TREs with export controls of AI algorithms.
ApproachTREs provide secure facilities to analyse confidential personal data, with staff checking outputs for disclosure risk before publication. Artificial intelligence (AI) has high potential to improve the linking and analysis of population data, and TREs are well suited to supporting AI modelling. However, TRE governance focuses on classical statistical data analysis. The size and complexity of AI models presents significant challenges for the disclosure-checking process. Models may be susceptible to external hacking: complicated methods to reverse engineer the learning process to find out about the data used for training, with more potential to lead to re-identification than conventional statistical methods.
ResultsGRAIMatter is:

Quantitatively assessing the risk of disclosure from different AI models exploring different models, hyper-parameter settings and training algorithms over common data types
Evaluating a range of tools to determine effectiveness for disclosure control
Assessing the legal and ethical implications of TREs supporting AI development and identifying aspects of existing legal and regulatory frameworks requiring reform.
Running 4 PPIE workshops to understand their priorities and beliefs around safeguarding and securing data
Developing a set of recommendations including

suggested open-source toolsets for TREs to use to measure and reduce disclosure risk
descriptions of the technical and legal controls and policies TREs should implement across the 5 Safes to support AI algorithm disclosure control
training implications for both TRE staff and how they validate researchers



ConclusionGRAIMatter is developing a set of usable recommendations for TREs to use to guard against the additional risks when disclosing trained AI models from TREs.