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Introduction -- Consensus of informed opinion about the need for change -- Prison overcrowding -- Conceptualizing the prison as a social system -- Assessing the general effects of imprisonment adverse reactions to imprisonment -- The management of captives -- The development of prisons in New Zealand -- Recent official inquiries into the New Zealand prison system -- Overview and conclusions

Intro -- THE PRISON SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECTS: REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION -- THE PRISON SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECTS: REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION -- DEDICATION -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ABOUT THE AUTHOR -- PREAMBLE -- ENDNOTES -- THE AETIOLOGY OF PRESENT-DAY PRISONS AND OTHER PLACES OF CAPTIVITY -- FROM BANISHMENT AND SLAVERY TO BRUTALITY AND TRANSPORTATION -- BRITISH AND AMERICAN CREATIONS -- RUSSIAN, NAZI, JAPANESE, AND CHINESE SYSTEMS OF CONTROL -- ENDNOTES -- THE MOUNTING CONSENSUS OF INFORMED OPINION ABOUT THE NEED FOR CHANGE -- ENDNOTES -- PRISON OVERCROWDING -- ENDNOTES -- CONCEPTUALIZING THE PRISON AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM -- ENDNOTES -- ASSESSING THE GENERAL EFFECTS OF LONG- TERM IMPRISONMENT -- ENDNOTES -- PATHOLOGICAL REACTIONS TO IMPRISONMENT -- ENDNOTES -- THE MANAGEMENT OF CAPTIVES -- ENDNOTES -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF PRISONS IN NEW ZEALAND -- ENDNOTES -- RECENT OFFICIAL INQUIRIES INTO THE PRISON SYSTEM IN NEW ZEALAND -- ENDNOTES -- OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS -- ENDNOTES -- APPENDIX 1 -- PRECIS OF THE CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE WICKERSHAM COMMISSION - THE US 1931 NATIONAL COMMISSION ON LAW OBSERVANCE AND ENFORCEMENT (pp. 170-174) -- APPENDIX 2 -- EXTRACT FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR THE PREVENTION OF TORTURE AND INHUMAN OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT [CPT] 2002/2004CPT/INF/E (2002) 1 - REV. 2004 (PP. 27/28) -- Life-Sentenced and other Long-Term Prisoners -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.

SummaryThis article places the campaign for rights of public access in London in context. It provides a structural analysis of the importance of public space in metropolitan radicalism, and in so doing explores prevailing assumptions about the different uses of such space in a provincial and metropolitan setting. Its chief focus is upon opposition to restrictions on rights of public meeting in Hyde Park in 1855 and 1866–1867, but it also charts later radical opposition to the enclosures of common-land on the boundaries of London and at Epping Forest in Essex. In particular it engages with recent debates on the demise of Chartism and the political composition of liberalism in an attempt to explain the persistence of an independent tradition of mass participatory political radicalism in the capital. It also seeks explanations for the weakness of conventional liberalism in London in the issues raised by the open spaces movement itself.

The works of the prolific author, William Le Queux, represent the highpoint of the German 'invasion panic' genre in the years before 1914. Widely read by contemporaries, his novels provided a catalyst for British debates about the economic, military and spiritual exhaustion of the empire in the face of new national and imperial rivals. For Le Queux, the capture of London was integral to German military occupation. Either buttressing the capital's will to resist, or undermining its capacity to withstand attack, the vigour and vitality of London was always at issue in his novels. Drawing on contemporary fears about the capital and its dissolution, this article considers the moral panics about London and Londoners and their relationship to Britain's martial decline reflected in his stories. Ranging across anxieties about anarchist and foreign terrorism, attuned to fears of the mob, and suspicious about wealthy spy masters at large in governmental circles, Le Queux's fiction reflects concerns about London as a decadent 'new Rome' in process of lengthy and agonising disintegration. Le Queux pursued a populist path in his vision of an embattled London, brought low by a decadent leadership but saved by a population purged of bankers, outsiders, immigrants, its cultural establishment, and defeatists. Analysing these themes in Le Queux's fiction, this article exposes the vein of anxiety about the defence of London in the invasion panic genre, and raises questions about the degree to which contemporaries believed the nation might turn to the capital for its salvation in its hour of need.