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In the past several years, the state of gays and lesbians in the Middle East has been increasingly covered by scholars and journalists. While articles and formal research give varying pictures of specific situations, Brian Whitaker attempts to give a broad overview of the experiences of local gays and lesbians in this groundbreaking work. Whitaker, the Middle East editor for The Guardian newspaper, conducted an impressive amount of research in order to examine the familial, social, religious, and legal situations of gays and lesbians in the region. The result is a compelling read that conveys a balanced and thorough insight into regional gay life.

Front Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction: Why Pharmacy Practice? -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: The Historical Context of Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice -- Chapter 2: Pharmacy and Public Health Policy -- Chapter 3: Hospital Pharmacy -- Chapter 4: Community Pharmacy in Europe -- Chapter 5: Pharmacy in North America -- Chapter 6: Pharmacy in New Zealand and Australia -- Chapter 7: Pharmacy in Developing Countries -- Chapter 8: The Social Context of Health and Illness -- Chapter 9: Inequalities in Health and Health Care -- Chapter 10: Promoting Health -- Chapter 11: Compliance, Adherence and Concordance -- Chapter 12: Occupational Status of Pharmacy -- Chapter 13: Duty of Care, Professionalism, Ethics and Ethical Dilemmas -- Chapter 14: The Pharmacy Workforce -- Chapter 15: Pharmacists and the Multidisciplinary Health Care Team -- Chapter 16: Pharmaceutical and Health Care Needs of Older People and Their Carers -- Chapter 17: Pharmaceutical and Health Care Needs of People with Mental Health Problems -- Chapter 18: Pharmaceutical and Health Care Needs of Ethnic Groups -- Chapter 19: Pharmaceutical and Health Care Needs of Injecting Drug Users -- Chapter 20: Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology -- Chapter 21: Health Economics -- Chapter 22: Survey Methods -- Chapter 23: Interviews -- Chapter 24: Focus Groups -- Chapter 25: Analysing Qualitative Data -- Chapter 26: Measuring Health and Illness -- Chapter 27: Evaluating Pharmacy Services -- Chapter 28: Principles of Statistical Data Analysis -- Back Cover

Public events frequently occur that raise issues about race relations in the workplace. This article describes a diversity exercise centered on a classroom skit about reactions to a highly publicized event, the O. J. Simpson murder trial. The skit may be adapted for future use to examine three issues: (a) how members of different races and cultures communicate in the workplace, (b) what needs to happen for these communications to have a positive rather than a negative affect on race relations, and (c) how critical public events may become tools for learning about workplace relationships between people of different races and cultures.

Crowdfunding has become an attractive option to raise funds in recent years. Several studies have examined language use in crowdfunding campaigns, and a few have attempted to understand entrepreneurs' language use on these platforms precisely. All assume that those categorized as entrepreneurial are inherently different from those categorized as other. We aim to explore that assumption while adding to the growing body of literature on the use of language in crowdfunding. We examine how entrepreneurs use language differently than other creators on crowdfunding platforms and how language relates to successful and unsuccessful campaigns for entrepreneurs and other creators. Findings indicate differences in language usage exist between entrepreneurs and other creators and also between successful and unsuccessful campaigns for both groups. However, more than that information is needed to increase the possibility of funding. While there isn't a magic formula for success, all crowdfunding campaigns appear to have the best chances by balancing the language they use.

Zahra Khalil Alsairafi,1 Kevin Michael Geoffrey Taylor,2 Felicity J Smith,1 Abdulnabi T Alattar3 1Research Department of Practice and Policy, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University College of London, London, UK; 3Diabetes Unit, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Safat, Kuwait Abstract: The increased prevalence of diabetes in Middle Eastern countries is a health policy priority. Important risk factors for diabetes have been identified. Lifestyle interventions and adherence to medications are central to disease prevention and management. This review focuses on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle Eastern countries. The aim is to identify the ways in which knowledge, health beliefs, and social and cultural factors influence adherence to medication and lifestyle measures. Thirty-four studies were identified following a systematic search of the literature. The studies describe the influence of knowledge, health beliefs, culture, and lifestyle on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. Findings indicate a lack of health knowledge about diabetes among populations, which has implications for health behaviors, medication adherence, and treatment outcomes. Many identified health beliefs and cultural lifestyle factors, such as religious beliefs, beliefs about fasting during Ramadan, and sedentary lifestyles played a role in patients' decisions. For better management of this disease, a collaborative approach between patients, their families, health care professionals, and governments should be adopted. Implementing behavioral strategies and psychological interventions that incorporate all health care professionals in the management process have been shown to be effective methods. Such services help patients change their behavior. However, the utilization of such services and interventions is still limited in Arabian countries. Physicians in the Middle East are the health care professionals most involved in the care process. Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, adherence, health beliefs, lifestyle, Ramadan, diet

The increased prevalence of diabetes in Middle Eastern countries is a health policy priority. Important risk factors for diabetes have been identified. Lifestyle interventions and adherence to medications are central to disease prevention and management. This review focuses on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Middle Eastern countries. The aim is to identify the ways in which knowledge, health beliefs, and social and cultural factors influence adherence to medication and lifestyle measures. Thirty-four studies were identified following a systematic search of the literature. The studies describe the influence of knowledge, health beliefs, culture, and lifestyle on the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East. Findings indicate a lack of health knowledge about diabetes among populations, which has implications for health behaviors, medication adherence, and treatment outcomes. Many identified health beliefs and cultural lifestyle factors, such as religious beliefs, beliefs about fasting during Ramadan, and sedentary lifestyles played a role in patients' decisions. For better management of this disease, a collaborative approach between patients, their families, health care professionals, and governments should be adopted. Implementing behavioral strategies and psychological interventions that incorporate all health care professionals in the management process have been shown to be effective methods. Such services help patients change their behavior. However, the utilization of such services and interventions is still limited in Arabian countries. Physicians in the Middle East are the health care professionals most involved in the care process.