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In: The Canadian journal of economics: the journal of the Canadian Economics Association = Revue canadienne d'économique, Band 54, Heft 4, S. 1459-1494
ISSN: 1540-5982
AbstractIn this address, I argue that the Southern Resident Killer Whale (SRKW) population has been negatively affected by commercial vessel traffic, tied to international trade, in the post‐1998 period. I present new data showing a dramatic increase in both the volume of kilometres travelled and the composition of vessel traffic in the Salish Sea. By exploiting recent work in biology linking vessel noise to changes in foraging and socializing behaviour, I argue that these changes have degraded their habitat significantly. Moreover, because SRKWs and Northern Resident Killer Whales (NRKWs) share prey, this negative vessel disturbance shock to the SRKW is magnified by the existence of across‐population competition. Vessel disturbance magnified by competition for prey has placed the SRKW on a slow‐motion path towards extinction.
In: NBER Working Paper No. w24855
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In: American economic review, Band 101, Heft 7, S. 3162-3195
ISSN: 1944-7981
In the sixteenth century, North America contained 25 to 30 million buffalo; by the late nineteenth century fewer than 100 remained. While removing the buffalo east of the Mississippi took over 100 years, the remaining 10 to 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains were killed in a punctuated slaughter lasting little more than ten years. I employ theory, international trade statistics, and first-person accounts to argue the slaughter was initiated by a foreign-made innovation and fueled by a foreign demand for industrial leather. European demand and American policy failure are jointly responsible for the "Slaughter on the Plains." (JEL F14, N51, N71, Q57)
In: The Canadian journal of economics: the journal of the Canadian Economics Association = Revue canadienne d'économique, Band 42, Heft 4, S. 1240-1275
ISSN: 1540-5982
Abstract Environmental crises are distinguished by rapid and largely unexpected changes in environmental quality that are difficult if not impossible to reverse. Examples would be major extinctions and significant degradations of an ecosystem. I argue there are three preconditions for crisis: failures in governance, an ecological system exhibiting a tipping point, and an economy/environment interaction with positive feedbacks. I develop a simple model to illustrate how a crisis may arise, and draw on our knowledge of past and present crises to highlight the mechanisms involved. I then speculate as to whether climate change is indeed a crisis in the making.
In: Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, Band 42, Heft 4, S. 1240-1275
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In: NBER Working Paper No. w12969
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In: Advances in economic analysis & policy, Band 4, Heft 2
ISSN: 1538-0637
The "Pollution Haven Hypothesis" (PHH) is one of the most hotly debated predictions in all of international economics. This paper explains the theory behind the PHH by dividing the hypothesis into a series of logical steps linking assumptions on exogenous country characteristics to predictions on trade flows and pollution levels. I then discuss recent theoretical and empirical contributions investigating the PHH to show how each contribution either questions the logical inevitability, or the empirical significance of one or more steps in the pollution haven chain of logic. Suggestions for future research are also provided.
In: The Canadian Journal of Economics, Band 26, Heft 3, S. 625
In: NBER Working Paper No. w31952
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In: NBER Working Paper No. w31390
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In: NBER Working Paper No. w9597
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In: The Canadian Journal of Economics, Band 30, Heft 3, S. 526