Suchergebnisse

1 Predators and predation -- 2 Predation theory -- 3 Clearing the decks -- 4 Field studies -- 5 Self-limitation of prey and predator populations -- 6 Age and size structure in predator and prey populations -- 7 Prey refugia -- 8 The functional response: the influence of predatory behavior upon dynamics -- 9 Spatial structure in prey populations -- 10 Predation and population cycles -- 11 The evolution of predator-prey systems -- 12 Predation and the ecological community 140 -- Appendix of scientific names.

Conversion from a Chapter 13 to Chapter 7 bankruptcy is one of the most essential tools in a debtor's arsenal. However, over the past several decades, courts have clashed when applying the Bankruptcy Code to certain situations arising from such a conversion. Although Congress addressed one such disagreement in the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1994, another hotly debated issue remained over whether debtors or creditors should receive undistributed funds held by Chapter 13 trustees upon conversion to a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. The issue led to a circuit split in 2014 when the Fifth Circuit, in In re Harris, ruled in favor of creditors, which contrasted with the Third Circuit's previous ruling in favor of debtors in In re Michael. This Comment argues that Congress never intended for either debtors or creditors to have an absolute right to such undistributed funds upon conversion, which is supported through analyses of the Bankruptcy Code, legislative history, and policy. Rather, Congress intended the parties to negotiate for a term that would resolve the potential issue in their Chapter 13 bankruptcy repayment plan. The Comment proposes that Congress or the Supreme Court should clarify the matter by explicitly requiring the parties to provide such a provision in the plan.

BACKGROUND: The European Centres for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) estimates that seasonal influenza causes 4-50 million symptomatic infections in the EU/EEA each year and 15,000-70,000 European citizens die of causes associated with influenza. We used modelling methods to estimate influenza-associated mortality for the European Union by age group and country. METHODS: We compiled influenza-associated respiratory mortality estimates for 31 countries around the world (11 countries in the EU) during 2002-2011 (excluding the 2009 pandemic). From these we extrapolated the influenza mortality burden for all 193 countries of the world, including the 28 countries of the EU, using a multiple imputation approach. To study the effect of vaccination programs, we obtained data from the EU-funded VENICE project regarding the percentage of persons over 65 who were vaccinated in each country; the data ranged from 2% to 82% between the 21 countries which provided estimates for the 2006/07 reference season. RESULTS: We estimated that an average of 27,600 (range 16,200-39,000) respiratory deaths were associated with seasonal influenza in the 28 EU countries per winter; 88% were among people 65 years and older, and the rates of mortality in this age group were roughly 35 times higher compared with those <65 years. Estimates varied considerably across the EU; for example, rates in the elderly ranged from 21.6 (12.5-35.1) per 100,000 in Portugal to 36.5 (16.4-62.5) in Luxembourg, a difference of nearly 70%. We were unable to find a negative correlation between vaccination coverage rates and influenza-associated mortality estimates in the elderly. CONCLUSION: Our EU estimate of influenza-associated respiratory mortality is broadly consistent with the ECDC estimate. More research is needed to explain the observed variation in mortality across the EU, and on possible bias that could explain the unexpected lack of mortality benefits associated with European elderly influenza vaccination programs.

This paper provides a description of the MyCap data collection platform, utilization metrics, and vignettes associated with use from diverse research institutions. MyCap is a participant-facing mobile application for survey data collection and the automated administration of active tasks (activities performed by participants using mobile device sensors under semi-controlled conditions). Launched in 2018, MyCap is a no-code solution for research teams conducting longitudinal studies, integrates tightly with REDCap and is available at no cost to research teams at academic, nonprofit, or government organizations. MyCap has been deployed at multiple research institutions with application usage logged across 135 countries in 2021. Vignettes demonstrate that MyCap empowered research teams to explore and implement novel methods of information collection and use. MyCap's integration with REDCap provides a comprehensive data collection ecosystem and is best suited for longitudinal studies with frequent requests for information from participants.