Suchergebnisse

The large-scale diffusion of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) imposes the construction of a sizeable CO2 pipeline infrastructure. This paper analyzes the conditions for a widespread adoption of CCS by a group of emitters that can be connected to a common pipeline system. It details a quantitative framework capable of assessing how the tariff structure and the regulatory constraints imposed on the pipeline operator impact the overall cost of CO2 abatement via CCS. This modeling framework is applied to the case of a real European CO2 pipeline project. We find that the obligation to use cross-subsidyfree pipeline tariffs has a minor impact on the minimum CO2 price required to adopt theCCS. In contrast, the obligation to charge non-discriminatory prices can either impede the adoption of CCS or significantly raises that price. Besides, we compared two alternative regulatory frameworks for CCS pipelines: a common European organization as opposed to a collection of national regulations. The results indicate that the institutional scope of that regulation has a limited impact on the adoption of CCS compared to the detailed design of the tariff structure imposed to pipeline operators.

This paper investigates the impact of primary energy and technology cost uncertainty on the achievement of renewable and especially biofuel policies ± mandates and norms ± in France by 2030. A robust optimization technique that allows to deal with uncertainty sets of high dimensionality is implemented in a TIMES-based long-term planning model of the French energy transport and electricity sectors. The energy system costs and potential benefits (GHG emissions abatements, diversification) of the French renewable mandates are assessed within this framework. The results of this systemic analysis highlight how setting norms and mandates allows to reduce the variability of CO2 emissions reductions and supply mix diversification when the costs of technological progress and prices are uncertain. Beyond that, we discuss the usefulness of robust optimization in complement of other techniques to integrate uncertainty in large-scale energy models.

This paper investigates the impact of primary energy and technology cost uncertainty on the achievement of renewable and especially biofuel policies ± mandates and norms ± in France by 2030. A robust optimization technique that allows to deal with uncertainty sets of high dimensionality is implemented in a TIMES-based long-term planning model of the French energy transport and electricity sectors. The energy system costs and potential benefits (GHG emissions abatements, diversification) of the French renewable mandates are assessed within this framework. The results of this systemic analysis highlight how setting norms and mandates allows to reduce the variability of CO2 emissions reductions and supply mix diversification when the costs of technological progress and prices are uncertain. Beyond that, we discuss the usefulness of robust optimization in complement of other techniques to integrate uncertainty in large-scale energy models.

The large-scale diffusion of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) imposes the construction of a sizeable CO2 pipeline infrastructure. This paper analyzes the conditions for a widespread adoption of CCS by a group of emitters that can be connected to a common pipeline system. It details a quantitative framework capable of assessing how the tariff structure and the regulatory constraints imposed on the pipeline operator impact the overall cost of CO2 abatement via CCS. This modeling framework is applied to the case of a real European CO2 pipeline project. We find that the obligation to use cross-subsidyfree pipeline tariffs has a minor impact on the minimum CO2 price required to adopt theCCS. In contrast, the obligation to charge non-discriminatory prices can either impede the adoption of CCS or significantly raises that price. Besides, we compared two alternative regulatory frameworks for CCS pipelines: a common European organization as opposed to a collection of national regulations. The results indicate that the institutional scope of that regulation has a limited impact on the adoption of CCS compared to the detailed design of the tariff structure imposed to pipeline operators.

The large-scale diffusion of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) imposes the construction of a sizeable CO2 pipeline infrastructure. This paper analyzes the conditions for a widespread adoption of CCS by a group of emitters that can be connected to a common pipeline system. It details a quantitative framework capable of assessing how the tariff structure and the regulatory constraints imposed on the pipeline operator impact the overall cost of CO2 abatement via CCS. This modeling framework is applied to the case of a real European CO2 pipeline project. We find that the obligation to use cross-subsidyfree pipeline tariffs has a minor impact on the minimum CO2 price required to adopt theCCS. In contrast, the obligation to charge non-discriminatory prices can either impede the adoption of CCS or significantly raises that price. Besides, we compared two alternative regulatory frameworks for CCS pipelines: a common European organization as opposed to a collection of national regulations. The results indicate that the institutional scope of that regulation has a limited impact on the adoption of CCS compared to the detailed design of the tariff structure imposed to pipeline operators.

Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) qui participent aux réunions du Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF). Cette étude économique s'intéresse plus particulièrement à un scénario souvent évoqué : celui de l'émergence d'une coopération conçue dans un but unique de rationalisation logistique, c'est-à diresans incidence sur les prix du GNL. A l'aide d'un modèle statique simple - il s'agit d'un problème de transport classique – calibré sur l'année 2007, nous évaluons tout d'abord le gain tiré de cette coopération. Les résultats numériques suggèrent que, en l'absence de politique de redistribution, cette stratégie coopérative ne serait vraisemblablement pas adoptée. Sans redistribution, le choix de la coopération ne serait pas rationnel pour certains exportateurs. Le problème du partage de ce gain collectif a donc été formulé à l'aide des concepts de la théorie des jeux coopératifs. Plusieurs politiques de redistribution ont été étudiées, dont la valeur de Shapley ainsi que plusieurs concepts inspirés par le nucléole. Nos résultats suggèrent que le choix d'une politique de redistribution s'avère relativement restreint. Parmi les méthodes étudiées, seule celle, sophistiquée, du per capita nucleolus vérifie deux propriétés souhaitables : l'appartenance au coeur du jeu coopératif et la monotonie par rapport à l'agrégat. Enfin, nous nous intéressons au cas où la coopération induirait un coût de coordination et recherchons le montant maximal de ce coût. Vu la faiblesse de ce montant et la relative complexité de la méthode de partage mise en oeuvre, la vraisemblance du scénario d'une coopération logistique exempte de pouvoir de marché paraît douteuse.

Naturel Liquéfié (GNL) qui participent aux réunions du Gas Exporting Countries Forum (GECF). Cette étude économique s'intéresse plus particulièrement à un scénario souvent évoqué : celui de l'émergence d'une coopération conçue dans un but unique de rationalisation logistique, c'est-à diresans incidence sur les prix du GNL. A l'aide d'un modèle statique simple - il s'agit d'un problème de transport classique – calibré sur l'année 2007, nous évaluons tout d'abord le gain tiré de cette coopération. Les résultats numériques suggèrent que, en l'absence de politique de redistribution, cette stratégie coopérative ne serait vraisemblablement pas adoptée. Sans redistribution, le choix de la coopération ne serait pas rationnel pour certains exportateurs. Le problème du partage de ce gain collectif a donc été formulé à l'aide des concepts de la théorie des jeux coopératifs. Plusieurs politiques de redistribution ont été étudiées, dont la valeur de Shapley ainsi que plusieurs concepts inspirés par le nucléole. Nos résultats suggèrent que le choix d'une politique de redistribution s'avère relativement restreint. Parmi les méthodes étudiées, seule celle, sophistiquée, du per capita nucleolus vérifie deux propriétés souhaitables : l'appartenance au coeur du jeu coopératif et la monotonie par rapport à l'agrégat. Enfin, nous nous intéressons au cas où la coopération induirait un coût de coordination et recherchons le montant maximal de ce coût. Vu la faiblesse de ce montant et la relative complexité de la méthode de partage mise en oeuvre, la vraisemblance du scénario d'une coopération logistique exempte de pouvoir de marché paraît douteuse.

To improve energy security and ensure the compliance with stringent climate goals, the European Union is willing to step up its efforts to accelerate the development and deployment of electrification, and in general, of alternative fuels and propulsion methods. Yet, the costs and benefits of imposing norms on vehicle or biofuel mandates should be assessed in light of the uncertainties surrounding these pathways, in terms of e.g. cost of these new technologies. By using robust optimization, we are able to introduce uncertainty simultaneously on a high number of cost parameters without notably impacting the computing time of our model (a French TIMES paradigm model). To account for the different nature of the uncertain parameters we model two kinds of uncertainty propagation with time. We then apply this formal setting to French energy system under carbon constraint. As uncertainty increases, as does technology diversification to hedge against it. In the transportation sector, low-carbon alternatives (CNG, electricity) appear consistently as hedges against cost variations, along with biofuels. Policy implications of diversification strategies are of importance; in that sense, the work undertaken here is a step towards the design of robust technology-oriented energy policies.

To improve energy security and ensure the compliance with stringent climate goals, the European Union is willing to step up its efforts to accelerate the development and deployment of electrification, and in general, of alternative fuels and propulsion methods. Yet, the costs and benefits of imposing norms on vehicle or biofuel mandates should be assessed in light of the uncertainties surrounding these pathways, in terms of e.g. cost of these new technologies. By using robust optimization, we are able to introduce uncertainty simultaneously on a high number of cost parameters without notably impacting the computing time of our model (a French TIMES paradigm model). To account for the different nature of the uncertain parameters we model two kinds of uncertainty propagation with time. We then apply this formal setting to French energy system under carbon constraint. As uncertainty increases, as does technology diversification to hedge against it. In the transportation sector, low-carbon alternatives (CNG, electricity) appear consistently as hedges against cost variations, along with biofuels. Policy implications of diversification strategies are of importance; in that sense, the work undertaken here is a step towards the design of robust technology-oriented energy policies.

To improve energy security and ensure the compliance with stringent climate goals, the European Union is willing to step up its efforts to accelerate the development and deployment of electrification, and in general, of alternative fuels and propulsion methods. Yet, the costs and benefits of imposing norms on vehicle or biofuel mandates should be assessed in light of the uncertainties surrounding these pathways, in terms of e.g. cost of these new technologies. By using robust optimization, we are able to introduce uncertainty simultaneously on a high number of cost parameters without notably impacting the computing time of our model (a French TIMES paradigm model). To account for the different nature of the uncertain parameters we model two kinds of uncertainty propagation with time. We then apply this formal setting to French energy system under carbon constraint. As uncertainty increases, as does technology diversification to hedge against it. In the transportation sector, low-carbon alternatives (CNG, electricity) appear consistently as hedges against cost variations, along with biofuels. Policy implications of diversification strategies are of importance; in that sense, the work undertaken here is a step towards the design of robust technology-oriented energy policies.

To improve energy security and ensure the compliance with stringent climate goals, the European Union is willing to step up its efforts to accelerate the development and deployment of electrification, and in general, of alternative fuels and propulsion methods. Yet, the costs and benefits of imposing norms on vehicle or biofuel mandates should be assessed in light of the uncertainties surrounding these pathways, in terms of e.g. cost of these new technologies. By using robust optimization, we are able to introduce uncertainty simultaneously on a high number of cost parameters without notably impacting the computing time of our model (a French TIMES paradigm model). To account for the different nature of the uncertain parameters we model two kinds of uncertainty propagation with time. We then apply this formal setting to French energy system under carbon constraint. As uncertainty increases, as does technology diversification to hedge against it. In the transportation sector, low-carbon alternatives (CNG, electricity) appear consistently as hedges against cost variations, along with biofuels. Policy implications of diversification strategies are of importance; in that sense, the work undertaken here is a step towards the design of robust technology-oriented energy policies.

SCelecTRA - Scenarios for the electrification of Transport is a collaborative project under the ERANET - Electromobility+ call for project and aims at: · identifying the conditions and public policies actions to develop road passenger electromobility in Europe for 2030, · assessing the environmental impacts of such policies via consequential Life Cycle Analysis as well as their external costs. ; Sélectionné dans le cadre du programme ERANET- Electromobility+, le projet visait à identifier les politiques publiques favorisant le développement de la mobilité électrique européenne (Îhicules particuliers électriques et hybrides rechargeables) à horizon 2030 et à évaluer leurs impacts environnementaux ainsi que leurs coûts externes.

SCelecTRA - Scenarios for the electrification of Transport is a collaborative project under the ERANET - Electromobility+ call for project and aims at: · identifying the conditions and public policies actions to develop road passenger electromobility in Europe for 2030, · assessing the environmental impacts of such policies via consequential Life Cycle Analysis as well as their external costs. ; Sélectionné dans le cadre du programme ERANET- Electromobility+, le projet visait à identifier les politiques publiques favorisant le développement de la mobilité électrique européenne (Îhicules particuliers électriques et hybrides rechargeables) à horizon 2030 et à évaluer leurs impacts environnementaux ainsi que leurs coûts externes.

SCelecTRA - Scenarios for the electrification of Transport is a collaborative project under the ERANET - Electromobility+ call for project and aims at: · identifying the conditions and public policies actions to develop road passenger electromobility in Europe for 2030, · assessing the environmental impacts of such policies via consequential Life Cycle Analysis as well as their external costs. ; Sélectionné dans le cadre du programme ERANET- Electromobility+, le projet visait à identifier les politiques publiques favorisant le développement de la mobilité électrique européenne (Îhicules particuliers électriques et hybrides rechargeables) à horizon 2030 et à évaluer leurs impacts environnementaux ainsi que leurs coûts externes.