Suchergebnisse

Mittels einer empirischen Untersuchung (n=208) bei Lüneburger Studierenden wird Ajzens "Theory of Planned Behavior" - eine einschlägige Theorie zur Erklärung spezifischen Verhaltens- auf die Erklärung der individuellen Gründungsabsicht angewendet. Im Anschluss an die Darlegung des Forschungsansatzes werden Ergebnisse der Untersuchung besprochen. Hierarchische Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass Einstellung, sozialer Druck und wahrgenommene Verhaltenskontrolle maßgeblich zur Schätzung der Gründungsabsicht beitragen. Im Modell mit direkter Messung der Einflussgrößen tragen Einstellung und sozialer Druck signifikant zur Schätzung der Intention bei (R2=,543), während die Gründungsabsicht mittels indexbasierter Messung von allen drei genannten Konstrukten signifikant beeinflusst wird (R2=,446). Der zusätzliche Erklärungsbeitrag ausgewählter Hintergrundfaktoren ist indes gering. -- Entrepreneurship ; Gründungsperson ; Unternehmensgründung ; Theory of Planned Behavior ; Gründungsintention ; Lüneburg, Hochschulen

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggests empirical implications to promote students' entrepreneurial intentions. In the course of an empirical study with 208 German students, regression analyses confirm that attitude, social norm, and perceived behavioural control contribute substantially to the prediction of start-up intentions. The use of index based measurements shows that entrepreneurial intention is significantly influenced by all three constructs (R2= 0.446). As beliefs based on information and experiences are decisive in order to emerge an intention, a promoting approach should start here. Following the TPB, changes at singular points are not sufficient. A discussion of concrete beliefs provides implications for future research as well as for practical interventions.

PurposeEntrepreneurship is shaped by a male norm, which has been widely demonstrated in qualitative studies. The authors strive to complement these methods by a quantitative approach. First, gender role stereotypes were measured in entrepreneurship. Second, the explicit notions of participants were captured when they described entrepreneurs. Therefore, this paper aims to revisit gender role stereotypes among young adults.Design/methodology/approachTo measure stereotyping, participants were asked to describe entrepreneurs in general and either women or men in general. The Schein Descriptive Index (SDI) for characterization was used. Following the procedures of Schein (1975), intra-class-correlation was calculated as a measure of congruence. This approach was complemented by controlling explicit notions, i.e. the image that participants had when describing entrepreneurs.FindingsThe images of men and entrepreneurs show a high and significant congruence (r= 0.803), mostly in those adjectives that are untypical for men and entrepreneurs. The congruence of women and entrepreneurs was low (r= 0.152) and insignificant. Contrary to the participants' beliefs, their explicit notions did not have any effect on measures of congruence. However, young adults who knew business owners in their surroundings rated the congruence of women and entrepreneurs significantly higher (r= 0.272) than average.Originality/valueThis study is unique in combining "implicit" stereotypes and explicit notions. It demonstrates that gender stereotypes in entrepreneurship are powerful. The image of the entrepreneur remains male, independent of explicit notions. As young adults who knew business owners in their surroundings rated the congruence of women and entrepreneurs higher, this could be a starting point for education programmes.

This conceptual and exploratory article aims to present a rationale for the engagement of citizens with the process and practice of, and research on new civic forms of entrepreneurship. We argue that this form of citizen engagement could enable a better alignment of entrepreneurial initiatives with economic, social and community priorities, and to address issues of global significance of local interest in uncertain environments. To this end, we posit that engaging citizens in the entrepreneurial process could facilitate agency at the collective level of people with their rights, duties and responsibilities, to identify, participate in and govern with existing institutions, in meaningful economic and social activity in defined spatial environments. Our normative understanding of entrepreneurial process involves the creation of business, social and public enterprises, the formation of which is led by entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs are of course citizens of specific nation states, but their endeavours do not necessarily warrant the participation of the wider community of citizens in the entrepreneurial process beyond their receiving function as users of goods and services. We consider whether pro-active engagement in a variety of ways, as nurtured in the practice of Citizen Science or Citizen Economics projects, could strengthen the profile and substance of entrepreneurship to resolve critical economic, social and environmental concerns of our times. We use the concept of the 'commons' and collective efficacy to argue for an understanding of entrepreneurship and innovation as a social good. We argue that Citizen Entrepreneurship (CE) is able to create new forms of collective organisation and governance, and derive economic and social value by addressing local issues arising from wide-spread phenomena such as climate change, ecological and environmental challenges, inequality, social polarisation, populism, migration and the gradual erosion of democratic institutions. To do so, citizens need to develop capabilities for engagement in the entrepreneurship process, especially when traditional public and market institutions fail to satisfy their existential needs. Indeed, active engagement could lead to the achievement of capabilities for well-being and fulfilling lives which go beyond the acquisition of skills and competencies necessary to pursue a vocation or a career. We refer to and interpret three examples of collective entrepreneurial activity in different urban environments in European countries as models of CE highlighting what we see as a growing trend in the entrepreneurial substance of the 'urban commons'. We work towards the creation of a conceptual model with which to develop an understanding of a unique formulation of entrepreneurship.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to direct attention to recent research on women's entrepreneurship with a focus on university education. A literature review and a summary of authors' selected papers provide both a context for and an introduction to the articles in this special issue.Design/methodology/approach– This introduction provides an overview of the literature on female entrepreneurship with specific reference to the context of university education. Searches on Web of Science and in this journal were conducted to provide a systematic overview of the area of research. This introductory article ends with a set of propositions for future research engagement.Findings– This paper finds that the quantum of past research endeavours remains limited despite the growing significance of the subject. This paper also finds that developing a focused approach that is based on a female ontology of entrepreneurship, and one that identifies specific contexts, and appropriate methodological considerations that enable enquiry at different levels, are of value to future research. This paper offers four different propositions that address key areas or fields of entrepreneurship research.Research limitations/implications– This paper provides a unique set of propositions together with a framework which helps to both explore new knowledge creation and locate new research within the main fields of entrepreneurship while providing room for extending those fields.Practical implications– This overview provides a framework for universities and policymakers to enable them to take into consideration the critical issues of entrepreneurship in general, and female entrepreneurship in particular, when developing programmes and tools for university education.Originality/value– This paper provides a summary of the trends in research on women's entrepreneurship with reference to university education. This leads to the development of a set of propositions and a framework for identifying and exploring new research questions that need to be addressed to close important research gaps in the field of entrepreneurship.