Suchergebnisse

Glycerin is a by-product from the biodiesel chain whose energy value can be beneficial to pig diets. In this study, eight barrows were distributed individually into metabolic cages in a completely randomized block design. The animals were fed diets containing 0, 5, 10 and 15% glycerin from soybean oil and subjected to the methods of total feces and urine collection and chromic oxide marker. We determined the digestibility coefficients (DC); the dietary levels of digestible dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), mineral matter (MM), ether extract (EE), an neutral detergent fiber (NDF); digestible energy (DE); metabolizable energy (ME); and these last two variables corrected for the nitrogen content (DEn and MEn). Digestible OM values increased linearly with glycerin inclusion in the diets. The digestible CP of the diets showed an inversely proportional relationship with glycerin inclusion levels. Digestible MM decreased linearly when determined by the total collection method and quadratically when determined by the marker method. There was a linear increase in the digestible and metabolizable coefficients of energy, DE, DEn, ME and MEn of the diets as the glycerin inclusion level was increased. Inclusion of up to 15% glycerin obtained from soybean oil production increased the digestible fractions of organic matter and energy of the diets.

Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa avaliar os efeitos de aditivos emulsificantes em características de processo e textura dos kibbles na indústria pet food. Para cada tratamento, foram realizadas quatro batidas (4 repetições/tratamento) e coletadas quatro amostras no tempo. Dois emulsificantes comerciais, adicionados on top, foram utilizados em um alimento seco extrusado, indicado para cães adultos, formando 3 tratamentos ((CON; Controle), (EMUA; CON + 0,06% emulsificante A), (EMUB; CON + 0,06% emulsificante B)). Foi utilizada dieta comercial econômica para cães adultos. Os alimentos foram extrusados em uma extrusora de rosca simples, com capacidade de processamento de 6.000 kg/h, sendo que o mesmo conjunto de equipamentos, condições de mistura, secagem e revestimento foram utilizados para todos os tratamentos. O emulsificante A possui em sua composição mono-diglicerídeo parcialmente saturado, estearoil lactato de sódio e mono éster de ácido tartárico di-acetilado, enquanto o emulsificante B possui em sua composição mono e diglicerídeos de ácidos graxos, ésteres de monoglicerídeos com ácido diacetiltartárico e estearoil lactato de sódio. Foi realizada uma análise de correlação canônica para os dados de correlação de processos e características de textura de kibble. O teste multivariado lambda Wilks foi usado para avaliar a significância das raízes canônicas juntas. Observou-se que a função canônica 1 mostrou-se significante. Percebeu-se que houve controle no processo, devido ao agrupamento dos tratamentos. A utilização de emulsificantes influenciou a característica de dureza dos kibbles, com menor resistência de EMUA (54,731 ±1,124), quando comparado a EMUB (121,898± 5,158). O tratamento EMUB obteve valores de amperagem, potência e consumo de energia inferiores aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). Houve uma redução no valor da Amperagem, em relação ao tratamento CON de 1,43% e 3,15%, respectivamente, para os tratamentos EMUA e EMUB. Conclui-se que EMUB contribui mais significativamente para obtenção de características de textura e para o processo de extrusão.

The aim of this study was to examine the use of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry. Five commercial synthetic and two natural antioxidants were used in the following treatments: Control (CON); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95); CON + (BHT + BHA); CON + (BHA + PG + CA); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH70); CON + BHA; CON + (ASC + rosemary); and CON + (ASC + tocopherols). Inclusion levels were 0.5% for the synthetic and 0.625% for the natural antioxidants. Oxidative stability was determined at three temperatures (90, 110 and 130 ºC). To determine the fatty acid profile, the original sample of the offal oil was considered a negative control. The fatty acids were determined based on the preparation of methyl esters by a transesterification reaction with methanol in alkaline medium, followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different fatty acid types were identified by comparing the retention times of the fatty acid methyl ester standards with the retention times of the observed peaks. Compositional data analysis was carried out. Without the use of antioxidant, induction time is shorter, resulting in lower oxidative stability of the offal oil and consequent loss of its quality due to less time taken to oxidize. The antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA better preserved the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic). Natural antioxidants exhibited higher oxidation, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and the worst ω6:ω3 ratios. In conclusion, the synthetic antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA provided greater protection against oxidation and better preserved the essential fatty acids. The natural antioxidants tested in the present study did not provide satisfactory protection.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of crushed sugarcane in the diet on the performance, bone characteristics and intestinal morphology of slow-growing broiler strains. A total of 448 chickens at 35 days of age were allotted to two randomized blocks in a 4×2 factorial arrangement (levels of feed replacement with crushed sugarcane, on a fresh-matter basis: 0, 15, 30, and 45%) and two strains (Pesadão and Label Rouge (LR)). Two replicates were used per block over time (containing the treatments and the strains), and 14 individuals were used per experimental unit. Weight gain and feed intake decreased linearly in response to the increasing sugarcane levels. Feed intake was higher in the Pesadão strain than in LR. Chicken foot weight was lower in Pesadão than in LR. There were no effects of sugarcane levels or strains on the tarsometatarsal bone weight, breaking strength, maximum load and deformation. The dry matter (DM) content of the tarsometatarsal bone was lower in LR than in Pesadão. The replacement of feed with sugarcane induced a linear increase in bone ash content and a decrease in bone phosphorus and calcium contents. Label Rouge chickens showed a greater crypt depth and lower values of villus/crypt ratio and mucosal layer thickness. The performance and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens are negatively affected by increasing sugarcane levels in the diet. In addition, the increasing intake of sugarcane changes the bone mineral composition without reducing mechanical resistance, in both the Pesadão and Label Rouge strains.