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Using the European Social Survey 5th round data (2010/2011) author analyzes openness to immigration. The focus is on the case of Lithuania. Lithuania is exceptional as it has very low but growing rates of immigration. The first question addressed in the paper is the level of Lithuanian population's openness to immigration. The openness to immigration of different race and ethnicity than the majority of country's population was measured. The results show high rates of radical ("allow many immigrants") and moderate ("allow some") openness to immigration. Lithuanian population's openness to immigration is one of the highest in the group of countries that participated in ESS 5th round. The second question asks if perception of threats posed by immigrants can be used as predictor. Logistic regression results show that perception of economic and cultural threats posed by immigrants is a reliable predictor of openness to immigration – low perception of threats leads to openness to immigration. ; Santrauka. Depopuliacijos ir senėjančios visuomenės iššūkiai Lietuvoje aktualizuoja tiek natūralios gyventojų kaitos tiek migracijos srautų tyrimus. Prognozuojama, jog per kelis artimiausius dešimtmečius Lietuvoje natūralus gyventojų prieaugis išliks neigiamas, tačiau migracijos saldo taps teigiamu. Imigracijos tematika Lietuvoje tyrinėta mažai. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas Lietuvos gyventojų atvirumas imigracijai, remiamasi Europos socialinio tyrimo 2010/2011 m. duomenimis. Lietuvos gyventojams būdingas gana didelis atvirumas potencialiai kitos rasės ar etninės grupės individų imigracijai ir šis atvirumas yra vienas didžiausių tarp tyrime dalyvavusių 27-erių Europos šalių. Atvirumas imigracijai reikšmingai susijęs su imigrantų keliamų ekonominių ir kultūrinių grėsmių suvokimu. Jei imigrantų keliamos ekonominės ar kultūrinės grėsmės suvokimas nėra išreikštas, patikimai galima spėti, jog respondentas yra atviras imigracijai.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: imigracija, atvirumas imigracijai, Europos socialinis tyrimas, grupių konflikto teorija.Key words: immigration, openness to immigration, European Social Survey, group conflict theory.Abstract Openness to immigration: a case of Lithuania in an international perspective Using the European Social Survey 5th round data (2010/2011) author analyzes openness to immigration. The focus is on the case of Lithuania. Lithuania is exceptional as it has very low but growing rates of immigration. The first question addressed in the paper is the level of Lithuanian population's openness to immigration. The openness to immigration of different race and ethnicity than the majority of country's population was measured. The results show high rates of radical ("allow many immigrants") and moderate ("allow some") openness to immigration. Lithuanian population's openness to immigration is one of the highest in the group of countries that participated in ESS 5th round. The second question asks if perception of threats posed by immigrants can be used as predictor. Logistic regression results show that perception of economic and cultural threats posed by immigrants is a reliable predictor of openness to immigration – low perception of threats leads to openness to immigration. Pastaba. Straipsnis parengtas pagal KTU Politikos ir viešojo administravimo instituto įgyvendinamą projektą "Europos socialinis tyrimas: šiuolaikinės Lietuvos visuomenės nuostatos, vertybės ir elgsena" finansuoja Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. MIP-022/2012).

Using the European Social Survey 5th round data (2010/2011) author analyzes openness to immigration. The focus is on the case of Lithuania. Lithuania is exceptional as it has very low but growing rates of immigration. The first question addressed in the paper is the level of Lithuanian population's openness to immigration. The openness to immigration of different race and ethnicity than the majority of country's population was measured. The results show high rates of radical ("allow many immigrants") and moderate ("allow some") openness to immigration. Lithuanian population's openness to immigration is one of the highest in the group of countries that participated in ESS 5th round. The second question asks if perception of threats posed by immigrants can be used as predictor. Logistic regression results show that perception of economic and cultural threats posed by immigrants is a reliable predictor of openness to immigration – low perception of threats leads to openness to immigration.

Foreword : A Brief History of Sociological Research on Environmental Concern / Riley E. Dunlap -- Introduction : How Green are Green Europeans? / Matthias Gross, Audrone Telesiene -- The Perception of Environmental Threats in a Global and European Perspective / Markus Hadler, Klaus Kraemer -- Vulnerable and Insecure? : Environmental and Technological Risk Perception in Europe / Aiste Balzekiene, Audrone Telesiene -- Changing Concern about Environmental Threats and Risks : A Longitudinal and Multilevel Perspective on the Relationship Between Values and Interests / Andre Schaffrin, Alexander Schmidt-Catran -- Explaining Environmental Activism by National Cultures : The Hypothesis of Hysteresis / Jean-Paul Bozonnet -- Explaining Membership in Pro-environmental Groups : a Comparative European Perspective / Egle Butkeviciene, Vaidas Morkevicius -- Petitioner, Contributor, Protester : The Profile of Europeans Performing Different "Public Sphere" Pro-environmental Behaviours / Iosif Botetzagias, Nikoleta Jones, Chrysovalantis Malesios -- How Far for the Money? : Affluence and Democratic Degrowth Potential in Europe / Mladen Domazet, Branko Ancic -- Environmental Concern in Cross-National Comparison : Methodological Threats and Measurement Equivalence / Jochen Mayerl -- Youth Environmental Consciousness in Europe : the Influence of Psycho-social Factors on Pro-environmental Behaviour / Leena Haanpaa -- Dilemmas of Sustainability in Turbulent Times : the Portuguese Case in Context / Joao Guerra, Luisa Schmidt, Susana Valente

The aim of this paper is to analyse the ways how climate change related risks are being constructed in political institutional discourses. We draw upon the political communicative texts, i.e. texts prepared by governmental authorities, from the pre- and post-Paris agreement period, i.e. 2015–2016. Our empirical analysis is guided by the relational theory of risk, theory of discursive institutionalism, critical discourse analysis, notions of interdiscursivity and interpretive repertoires. The main research questions are the following: What are the threats typically associated with climate change (source of risk)?; What are the objects-at-risk typically spoken of in political communicative discourses?; How are the relations of the risk source and object-at-risk discursively constructed (e.g. vulnerability, resilience, etc.)?; What is the overall 'repertoire' of typical climate change related risks as discursively constructed in political communicative texts? To answer the research questions, Lithuania and United Kingdom are taken for cross-national comparison. UK is regarded as a leader in international and domestic climate change policy, whereas climate change policies are treated instrumentally in Lithuania. Both Lithuania and UK, as EU member states, follow the general EU climate change policy. Yet because of differences in public attitudes and other socio-political contexts, the effectiveness of climate change policies is different. Contrasting the two member states and looking for underlying discursive practices, that serve as grounds for climate action, bring new scientific insights. The analysis of the sampled texts is conducted using NVivo.

The main focus of this article is on parental leave and allowance system in Lithuania. This study analyses main changes in this system, when in 2011 new version of Sickness and maternity social insurance law was adopted in Lithuania. Article presents and discusses theoretical models of family policy, analyses Lithuanian family policy and job/paternity reconciliation problems. With reference to different authors', the article is based upon theoretical discussion of family policy models. Traditional male breadwinner model is opposed to other models: caregiver-parity model, dual-earner model and dual-carer model. Analysis of state social insurance parental allowance system and beneficiaries in Lithuania is conducted based on data sets from State Social Insurance Fund Board and expert interviews. There are two main questions answered in the article: what is the structure of parental leave beneficiaries and how did it change after amendment of Sickness and maternity social insurance law; what are the typical choices of those going for parental leave. What work/family model is induced by these changes and does it comply with the aims of the new Sickness and maternity social insurance law.Analysis of Lithuanian state social insurance parental allowance system and choices of beneficiaries showed clear policy tendencies to move forward to more male breadwinner model. With the emphasis on long periods of absence from work and relatively small compensations, new parental leave policy devalues family care in relation to employment and does not provide choices for women to (re-)move from family care to employment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.13.1.6406 ; Darbo ir šeimos įsipareigojimų derinimas yra viena svarbiausių šeimos politikos sričių. 2011 m. Lietuvoje įgyvendinti šios politikos srities priemonių pakeitimai. Nuo 2011 m. liepos reglamentuojant motinystės (tėvystės) išmokas sumažintos šios rūšies išmokos ir įtvirtinta tėvų teisė pasirinkti iš dviejų galimų išmokų gavimo modelių. Taikant naująjį reglamentavimą, ...

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.16.3.19345
An erratum to this article is available at:
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.16.3.24731

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies. ; Europos Sąjungai (ES) susiduriant su senėjančių visuomenių, besikeičiančios ekonomikos struktūros iššūkiais darbuotojų migracija ir ypač – aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų pritraukimas tampa vis aktualesne problema, apsprendžiančia darbo rinkos tvarumą. Aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų poreikis skatina tiek vidinę, tiek išorinę (tarptautinę) migraciją. ES darbo rinka turi stiprių tarptautinių konkurentų, pvz. JAV, Kanada, Australija, Naujoji Zelandija. Siekdama ir toliau išlaikyti konkurencingumą, didinti patrauklumą ir skatinti aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų mobilumą ES viduje ir iš ne ES šalių, ES vykdo įvairias iniciatyvas šalių narių nacionaliniu lygmeniu ir bendru ES lygmeniu. Straipsnio tikslas: įvertinti ES politiką susijusią su aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų pritraukimu ir migracija. Dalykas: ES darbo rinka ir bendrosios Europinės bei nacionaliinės iniciatyvos aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų pritraukimui. Tyrimas remiasi antrine kiekybinių duomenų analize kaip viso tyrimo strategija. Tyrimas apėmė aprašomąją statistinių duomenų analizę ir laikėsi palyginamosios perspektyvos. Atlikta analizė rodo, kad kiekvienais metais mobilių ES gyventojų daugėja, todėl ES mobilumo direktyvą galima būtų laikyti sėkminga, tačiau tobulintina, todėl kad iš visų mobilių ES gyventojų, tik labai maža dalis yra aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojai. 2013-2014 metais, aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojams iš ne ES šalių buvo išduoti 67 994 nacionaliniai leidimai ir 26 816 ES Mėlynosios kortelės. Populiariausi traukos centrai buvo Vokietija, Nyderlandai, Danija, Švedija ir Prancūzija. Empirinis tyrimas parodė, kad palyginus nacionalinių iniciatyvų ir Mėlynosios kortelės veiksmingumą, pastaroji galėtų būti įvertinta tik kaip dalinai veiksminga.

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.16.3.19345 An erratum to this article is available at: http://vpa.ktu.lt/index.php/PPA/article/view/24731 ; Europos Sąjungai (ES) susiduriant su senėjančių visuomenių, besikeičiančios ekonomikos struktūros iššūkiais darbuotojų migracija ir ypač – aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų pritraukimas tampa vis aktualesne problema, apsprendžiančia darbo rinkos tvarumą. Aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų poreikis skatina tiek vidinę, tiek išorinę (tarptautinę) migraciją. ES darbo rinka turi stiprių tarptautinių konkurentų, pvz. JAV, Kanada, Australija, Naujoji Zelandija. Siekdama ir toliau išlaikyti konkurencingumą, didinti patrauklumą ir skatinti aukštos kvalifikacijos darbuotojų mobilumą ES viduje ir iš ne ES šalių, ES vykdo įvairias iniciatyvas šalių narių nacionaliniu lygmeniu ir bendru ES lygmeniu. Straipsnio tikslas: įvertinti ES politiką susijusią su aukštos ...

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.

European Union is facing challenges of ageing societies and changes in structure of economy, thus labour shortages turn into an urgent issue that ultimately affects labour market sustainability. In its attempt to recruit highly qualified workers EU has strong international competitors, e.g. USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and pursues a variety of initiatives at national level of the Member States and at the EU level in general. This article aims at assessing the EU policies related to migration of highly qualified workers. Statistical data analysis has revealed that labour mobility is increasing in EU. Thus the EU Mobility directive could be evaluated as bringing benefits, yet with a room for improvement, because highly qualified workers still make up just a small part in all the mobile citizens' population. National initiatives are more effective in fostering the migration of highly qualified workers, but this has the threat of unequal benefits in different EU regions; the effectiveness of EU Blue Card initiative is weak but with a high potential, thus it needs further improvements in its issuing policies.