The study deals with the idea of linking journalism to urbanism within the practice of cultural content production and seeing how this can work in shaping urban space. The place of regional media in the communication system (vertical and horizontal) between different groups of citizens is analyzed at the present stage. In the study a descriptive method was used, as well as traditional general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, when considering specific aspects of the functioning of journalism within an urbanized environment and analyzing specific materials on cultural topics. A content analysis method was used to validate the sample, which was able to track the array of materials on the Book Space theme in Dnipro. The study showed that national and local media produce cultural content in different forms and genres and are generally interested in events that contribute to the positive development of urban space, especially when considering urbanism not only as a method of territorial organization but also as an element of working with people. Publications on cultural events, such as Book Space, add to the formation of the inner and outer image of the city, help to shape the cultural self-identification of the townspeople. It was also found out that local media content is more informative than the one from the national media, and publications on the information web-sites can often be characterized by poor quality of content, which in the long run may impede the harmonious development of the urban environment. The novelty of the article can be explained by the fact that the study of urban science through the lens of journalism is represented very little, which is of scientific interest to this topic. The results of the study can be used while taking into consideration the image formation of the city and brand strategy building as well as shaping successful urban space and its cultural area.
We have researched media texts of the anti-terrorist military action participants. There are war diaries, memoirs, blogs, publications of veterans and separately journalistic interviews with them. We used comparative, analytical, synthesis and induction method. Communicative specificity of these texts was concretized. Literary works of anti-terrorist military action participants are amateur and new for Ukrainian information space. They were built on the autobiographical basis. This kind of memoir genre is a valuable source for learning both behavior of some person in concrete conditions and sociopolitical order of some people in determined history period. The authors demonstrate their military personal experience through detailing of war events. Memoir writers explain their motivation of joining military platoons and demonstrate a strong patriotic position. Veterans recite their own history in a chronological order with adding images of comrades, commanders, technique units, tranches, weapon, elements of everyday life to their telling. Also combatants say about exploits of their fighting brothers. The prominent feature of memoirs is a contrast between front realities and civilian life. Military action participants have a colloquial style with military slang and terms. With a great sadness Ukrainian defenders describe a way of life of dead friends. But military texts have a lot of funny stories, jokes, positive notices and interesting cheerful details of communication between soldiers. The analysis of media texts allowed to find out problem zones of veterans' life. There is need for civil and professional adaptation, socialization, saving a memory about heroes. The authors try to pay attention of wide society to these problems and motivate to its solution. The results can be used in the course of the journalism specialty for the further scientific researches.
The article analyzes the trends of the development of contemporary journalistic investigation in the context of the new media development. The methodology for researching the topic of the paper includes such methods: analysis, generalization, classification, comparison. The study results in the statement that the journalistic investigation is a synthetic genre, because of combining the elements of interviewing, analysis, synthesis, chronicle, reporting. The main purpose of the investigative journalist is to provide the community with facts that are important but not well-researched, social, political, and economic issues that have not previously been made public and can affect a large number of people. The process of transforming the journalistic investigation takes place through a multimedia platform and contemporary forms of information provision. Journalists of "Bigus. Info" are outside of the traditional media and provide information to interact with interactive maps, video evidence, long rides and thus increase the audience. Multimedia is a prerequisite for the promotion of the original content of «Bigus. Info». Also it contributes to a wide resonance. The fact of setting material in social networks as well as blogs contributes to its personalization, and gives the reader the opportunity not only to follow the course of events and their results, but also to suggest the topic itself for investigation. The scientific novelty is in the fact that multimedia platforms help journalists make their research more interactive. The practical significance is implemented in the possibility to consider the peculiarities of the genre of journalistic investigation in the conditions of modern technology development.
Розглянуто сучасний стан політичної карикатури в європейських країнах, зокрема Франції та Німеччині, та з'ясовано національну специфіку цього жанру. Наголошено, що політична карикатура має могутній маніпулятивний потенціал. Оперативно відображаючи найбільш важливі та гострі питання дійсності, карикатура, як маніпулятивна технологія, формує суспільну думку. Доведено, що політична карикатура дозволяє в стислій формі виявити суперечливість та абсурдність ситуації, під іншим кутом зору оцінити суспільну подію, зняти політичну напругу. Визначено, що відсутність тематичних обмежень у карикатурі можливе тільки в розвиненому демократичному суспільстві, яке здатне до самоіронії. Аналіз карикатурних скандалів, пов'язаних із «Jyllands-Posten», «CharlieHebdo», довів, що сучасна карикатура не визнає жодних етичних та моральних норм. ; The research is implemented with the descriptive method with the elements of semiotic analysis of the caricature as a creolized text, which made it possible to characterize the form-creative and content-verbal components, in accordance with the objectives of the study. Also the comparative method is used, which enables finding out the national specificity of the caricature. The deep and fundamental changes both in meaningful and graphic images of illustrations in the art of caricature converted this genre from minor "illustrative" into independent component of media content as well as communicative and manipulative technology. Political caricatures are printed on the pages of Paris international magazine "Courrier International", Swiss magazine "Nebelspalter", Danish newspaper "Jyllands-Posten". Although the language of caricature is international, the national specificity of the genre is marked by cultural traditions. The modern state of French caricature development proves the heritage of Philippon editions where satire not only discloses but also informs, gives rise to thoughts, promotes psychological relaxation and communication. The cover of the most popular satire weekly "Charlie Hebdo" represents shattering caricatures on the world politicians, leaders of all religions, catastrophes, armed conflicts. Unfortunately, "Charlie Hebdo" became famous due to notorious caricature scandals. The rush for the rating, the strive to increase readership, unscrupulousness in the choices of objects and topics of mockery led to the double standards of understanding freedom of speech as a fundamental value of European world. Nowadays in France political caricature is a constituent of media political system and a means of political influence. Unlike French caricature, which has sharp disclosing character and wide bounds of freedom expression, German caricature is more limited by law. Taboo on verbalization of gender, religious and race issues conditioned prevalence of visual component in German caricature. Today European issues of satire trend highlight the topics of hydrogen bomb testing in North Korea, the anniversary of shooting the editorial staff of "Charlie Hebdo", Syrian conflict, emigrants problems, Great Britain leaving the EU, Trump's policy. The relevance of the study is determined by the powerful manipulative potential of the caricature, its ability to form a public opinion, as well as by the possibility to discuss communicative and functional peculiarities of satire on the modern stage and define its national peculiarities. The materials and findings can be used as knowledge background to the courses, such as "Theory and practice of mass media and communication", "Modern press". ; Рассмотрено современное состояние политической карикатуры в европейских странах и выяснена национальная специфика этого жанра, в частности Франции и Германии. Отмечено, что политическая карикатура имеет мощный манипулятивный потенциал. Оперативно отражая наиболее важные и острые вопросы действительности, карикатура, как манипулятивная технология, формирует общественное мнение. Доказано, что политическая карикатура позволяет в сжатой форме выявить противоречивость и абсурдность ситуации, под другим углом зрения оценить общественное событие, снять политическое напряжение. Доказано, что отсутствие тематических ограничений в карикатуре возможно только в развитом демократическом обществе, способном к самоиронии. Анализ карикатурных скандалов, возникших вокруг изданий «Jyllands-Posten», «Kladderadatsch», «Charlie Hebdo», позволяет актуализировать вопрос о необходимости соблюдения этических норм.
Research methodology. A large amount of artistic and documentary literature, in which the objectof artistic reflection was the war in the East of Ukraine in 2014, a complete and self-sufficient studies havenot suffered since the formation of the modern military prose is still at the initial stage of its formation.Results. The events of the past two years in Ukraine are reflected in documentary and fiction. Thedominance of the documentary trends in «navigating prose» due to the artistic quest of the adequacy of thetransmission events. «Nonfictional prose», reflecting the culmination of modern history (Independence,Ilovaysk, Debaltsevo), gives a clear understanding of the inexhaustibility of the war story. S. Loyko in hisnovel «Airport» proves war requires not only a documentary play, but also artistic interpretation. Knowledgeof literary laws gives the author the opportunity to change the scenery, to shift its temporal plane,discussing the philosophical themes, in particular, life and death, love and war. Visual enhancement of events and characters contribute to the epigraphs, which serve as a means of characteristics of a character or an event, creating an emotional setting. The theme of war gets a special tragic sound introduction to the the text production, which emphasizes war.The pursuit of artistry predetermines the search for the author of the characters that often can be represented with a name or an act. Novelty. This is an attempt to understand the pathogenic experience of recent events, embodied indocumentary and artistic forms, particularly in novel Airport by S. Loyko. The practical significance. The results of the study can be used for further study of «nonfiction prose». ; Предлагается обзор литературы, посвященной событиям 2014 года. Обосновано доминирование документальной тенденции в «невыдуманной прозе» с целью художественноой адекватности передачи событий. На примере анализа романа «Аэропорт» доказано, что тема противоприродности войны требует не только документального, но и художественного осмысления. Эстетизация реальной действительности военной истории осуществляется с помощью романтизации сюжета, усиленного лиризма, создания образов-символов, которые впоследствии в читательском восприятии визуализируются. Доказано, что поиски передачи художественной адекватности невозможны без документальной основы. ; Запропоновано огляд літератури, присвяченої подіям 2014 року. Обґрунто-вано домінування документальної тенденції в «невигаданій прозі» з метою ху-дожньої адекватності передачі подій. На прикладі аналізу роману «Аэропорт»доведено, що тема протиприродності війни потребує не тільки документального,а й художнього осмислення. Естетизація реальної дійсності воєнної історії здій-снюється за допомогою романтизації сюжету, посиленого ліризму, створення об-разів-символів, які згодом у спільному сприйнятті візуалізуються. Доведено, щопошуки передачі художньої адекватності неможливі без документальної основи.
