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1953 p. ; El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la historia del proceso de expansión colonial de las coronas de Castilla y Portugal, respectivamente, de 1402 a 1521 y de 1415 a 1515. Nuestro principal interés es desarrollar los hechos de armas que tuvieron lugar en los frentes y en el periodo seleccionado, analizando las armas, las tácticas, las estrategias de los bandos enfrentados y su evolución en el tiempo. Aun así, no dejamos de lado los aspectos sociales, económicos, políticos, diplomáticos, religiosos, etc., que de alguna manera contribuyeron a influenciar los conflictos y sus modalidades. Los grandes procesos que vamos a analizar son la conquista del archipiélago canario, de Tierra Firme y de Panamá, por obra de la Corona de Castilla; y las campañas en Marruecos, en las costas atlántica e índica de África y en la orilla occidental de la India, incluyendo Malaca, por parte de la Corona de Portugal. Las obras que utilizamos para el presente trabajo son las fuentes literarias, los documentos, las monografías y los artículos de los historiadores actuales y, en algunos casos, la arqueología y las fuentes iconográficas

- ; The Lusiads, by Luís Vaz de Camões, is a key literary source for the historical reconstruction of the initial decades of Portuguese colonial expansion in the Indian Ocean. Compared to the accounts of commentators of the period, for example Fernão Lopes de Castanheda and João de Barros, this epic poem provides additional insight into the colonial conquests. It is of particular value for an understanding of the psychological makeup of the conquistadores and their officers, as well as for an insight into their technical force in both the naval and military sphere.

20 p. ; Both in civil life and on the battlefield, man's actions are influenced by his mental attitude – which is not an easy subject to study. In this work we will try to investigate the thinking behind the Greek military feats of the first part of the 5th century BC, analysing the relationship between Greek thought and social values in order to determine how this influences the planning of tactics and strategy. We will also demonstrate the usefulness of literary sources to historical investigation in the absence of historical accounts. ; SI

24 p. ; The two key events in the history of Greece and, to use an anachronistic term, the "Western World", were the Greco-Persian Wars at the beginning of the 5th century BC. They brought total war to the small, divided Greek world when the armies and fleets of the great king, Darius the Great (492-490) and later those of his son Xerxes (481-479) repeatedly suffered defeat at the hands the warriors of small independent cities, the poleis. After one of the least humiliating defeats in history (Thermopylae, 480) and two naval battles (Cape Artemisium and Salamina, 480), the coalition of free Greeks faced the bulk of the Persian forces at Plataea (479), with the Greek heavy infantry (hoplites) winning one of the most famous victories in military history. ; SI

P. 66-78 ; This article is the result of research into the genesis and evolution of the modern state in England and France between the end of the Middle Ages and the close of the 17th century, in a Europe ripped apart by religious wars and dynastic crises, a Europe in the midst of the colonial 'adventure', torn between scientific and philosophical development and religious obscurantism. During a time when decisions by Popes end one war and start another, when Paris is well worth a mass and sometimes not, when the Turks threaten Catholic Europe from the East and when the Hapsburgs rule an empire where "the sun never sets", new powers rise from the ashes of the former giants of Europe, with the small United Provinces, densely populated France and insular England fighting the Crowns of Spain and Portugal and their respective professional armies for the dominion of the world. From an examination of macro-systemic and specific studies by current day professors, which focus primarily on economic and political issues but also on social and military matters, I have tried to present a clear, chronological reconstruction of how Valois, the Tudors, the Stuarts and the English revolution contributed to the creation of the national monarchy and the evolution of the idea of the state, a state which at the dawn of the 16th century is the private concern of the king and his circle of aristocratic warlords, and which, by the end of the 17th century, is governed by tried and tested bureaucratic systems. ; SI

P. 236-245 ; This article is an excerpt of a long and extensive work on Castilian and Portuguese geographical discoveries of the XV and XVI centuries. Among the jungles, deserts and snowy peaks of the, nowadays well known, central Mexico, takes place one of the most interesting, exciting and dramatic encounter in history. It is the 1519. On one side are the soldiers of Castile, armed with steel, on the other side of a huge cultural and mental barricade are the Aztecs, descendants of proud warriors who shed blood to conquer the Anahuac valley and that, pouring out, more prepare to lose it. The article tries to summarize the main points of the military campaign known as "Conquest of Mexico" but also to investigate the actors, drawing upon the direct evidences of the protagonists of the event, the Aztec codes and the current interpretation of historians, anthropologists and archaeologists. The author's aim is to open up to the reader such a different world in the way of thinking, in the habits, in the warfare, torn by the irreconcilable dichotomy between sophistication and ferocity, majestic temples and human sacrifices. Unfortunately this story has been misrepresented by historiographical clichés that has identified the good and the evil, the murderers and the martyrs. As an historian I have tried to maintain a proper intellectual and critical detachment and came to the inescapable conclusion that these are not bed men: these are men born and lived five centuries ago, within systems of thought and values opposed to those recognized today by the democratic nations ; SI

Ecdotics, or the study of text editions, is an essential part of Hispanic humanism. In a pluridisciplinary approach, the volume gathers contributions by scholars from Italy, Spain and Colombia about the vicissitudes of Hispanic books and manuscripts between the 16th and 19th centuries. They discuss, among other topics, historiographical sources, lexical questions, cartographic analysis and poetry analysis.