Suchergebnisse

The proposed article examines the process of transformation of UkrainianPolish bilateral good neighborly relations to the level of strategic partnership, which took place in the late 90s of the twentieth century. In official international practice and scientific literature, 1997 is considered to be the milestone from which the strategic partnership in modern Ukrainian-Polish relations is counted. The Republic of Poland and Ukraine jointly developed and tested mechanisms for the implementation and coordination of their strategic interests in the field of regional security, foreign policy, bilateral cooperation, and military cooperation. The political will of the leaders of both countries and the political establishment found expression in the formation of a strategic partnership, which is equally important for both Ukraine and Poland. The strategic partnership of the two countries at the beginning of the XXI century is constantly strengthened by cooperation within the existing interstate mechanisms and relies on a coherent regulatory framework, acting as a major driver of development and deepening of bilateral cooperation not only in politics but also in economics, cross-border and humanitarian cooperation. It is clear that the deepening of the Ukrainian-Polish strategic partnership in the future will depend on a number of factors and will be implemented in the context of serious geopolitical changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore, at the present stage, the issue of formation and implementation of new strategic tasks is on the agenda of Ukraine and the Republic of Poland, based on the analysis of the political situation, economic realities, and so on. Despite some problems in the field of historical memory, the existing partnership between the two countries is mutually beneficial and has significant prospects.

The presented articles analyze the foreign policy concepts of Polish political emigration after the Second World War, which were published and discussed in the columns of the literary and political magazine "Culture". The founder and editor-in-chief of the magazine was a Polish emigrant figure: journalist and publicist, public intellectual Jerzy Giedroyc, and the literary and political magazine "Culture" was published in Paris between 1947 and 2000. Playing an important role in Polish literary life, the magazine also became a lively discussion platform on the future of Europe, in particular, the future of Polish-Ukrainian interstate and interethnic relations. In fact, J. Giedroyc, together with his friend and colleague J. Myroszewski, created, substantiated and developed the idea of recognizing Poland's post-war eastern borders and reconciling Poles with Ukrainians, Belarusians and Lithuanians. Another important component of the Polish foreign policy concept was the thesis that a free Poland could not exist without a free Ukraine. This concept of Poland's foreign policy was not perceived in the 50s and 70s of the twentieth century by either Polish political emigrants or the politicians of the Polish People's Republic. However, after the victory of Solidarity in the 1989 Polish elections and the formation of a new post-communist government, the independent Republic of Poland took the ideas of J. Giedroyc and J. Myroszewski as the basis of its foreign policy towards Ukraine. The process of shaping Polish foreign policy since 1989 has been quite complex and controversial, as from the very beginning it was necessary to develop a clear position on the changes taking place in the West and, more importantly, in the East. The crisis, and later the collapse of the USSR, put on the agenda of the Polish political elite the need to approach the formation of a new foreign policy of the Third Commonwealth with special attention. Therefore, the main goal of the new Eastern policy was to respond to the changes taking place abroad.

With the collapse of the Soviet system and the start of systemic transformations in Central and Eastern Europe, which began at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, there was an urgent need to review the existing system of international relations and find new formats for interstate and interethnic relations development. Polish-Ukrainian relations were no exception in this process. In the period of 1989-1999, Ukraine occupied a very important place in the foreign policy of the Republic of Poland, holding a leading position in Polish Eastern policy. It is at this time that the bilateral relations of young independent states were being formed and developed, which took an evolutionary step by establishing and supporting good neighborly relations to the level of strategic partnership. Eastern policy was the key to the positive dynamics of the development of Polish-Ukrainian relations; it has been tested and successfully implemented by the Polish governments of Solidarity since the early 1990s. The main goal of Polish Eastern policy was to respond to the changes taking place on the eastern border of the Republic of Poland and to establish relations with the former republics of the Soviet Union, especially those that shared a border with Poland. This was predetermined by the desire to preserve the territorial integrity of the Republic of Poland and by the considerations of national security. The very formation and evolution of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the period of 1989-1999, known in history as the period of Poland's implementation of Eastern policy, are analyzed in this article. ; Із розвалом радянської системи та початком системних трансформацій у країнах Центрально-Східної Європи, що розпочалися на рубежі 80-90-х років ХХ століття, постала нагальна потреба перегляду існуючої системи міжнародних відносин та пошуку нових форматів побудови міждержавних та міжнаціональних взаємин. Не виключенням у цьому процесі стали і польсько-українські відносини. У період 1989 – 1999 років Україна досить важливе місце посідає у зовнішній політиці Республіки Польща, займаючи провідне місце у польській східній політиці. Саме у цей час відбувається становлення та розбудова двосторонніх відносин молодих незалежних держав, які зробили еволюційний крок, налагодовши та розвинувши добросусідські відносини до рівня стратегічного партнерства. Запорукою позитивної динаміки розвитку польсько-українських відносин стала східна політика, що від початку 90-х років ХХ століття була апробована і успішно втлювана у життя польськими урядами Солідарності. Головною метою польської східної політики ста ло реагування на зміни, що відбувалися за східним кордоном Республіки Польща та налагодження відносин із бувшими республіками Радянького Союзу, передусім із тими, що мали спільний кордон із Польщею. Це було продиктовано прагненням зберегти територіальну інтегральність Республіки Польща та міркуваннями національної безпеки країни. Саме становлення та еволюцію польсько-українських взаємин періоду 1989 – 1999 років, відомих в історії, як період здійснення Польщею східної політики, авторка аналізує у представленій статті.