Suchergebnisse

It is true that women continue to be underrepresented in political science & international relations, especially in the higher academic ranks, as reported by Daniel Maliniak et al (2008, this issue). However, this paper looks at some positive changes over the last few decades. In the 1970s & 1980s, there were few family-friendly policies in academia, & women struggled to meet their professional & family responsibilities; but as a result of the ongoing campaign in support of "family values," the playing field has leveled a bit. Another change is the growing number of female mentors & role models available to help young women entering the field. The masculinism embedded in international relations & security professions in the mid-1980s (Carol Cohn, 1987) is still present to some extent, but over half of the author's female graduate students in the mid-1990s were or had been members of the military; as these women rise in the profession, their input will cut into the masculinism. Feminist scholarship is increasing also, as editors become more sensitive to the demands of their audiences. The author contends that there is no reason for these trends not to continue growing in the decades to come. Adapted from the source document.

The idea of separate spheres originated in ancient Greek culture & was used for limiting female participation in political leadership & private life. The granting of rights to women & other marginalized groups has changed the boundaries between public & private life. This area has become a meta-space, which encompasses geographic locations & metaphors of ambiguous social, political, & psychological milieux, & thus can be considered part of the public & private sphere. The legacy of separate spheres is exemplified over Western history, touching on feminism, political representation, & how the latter leads to nationalism via publicity. Issues of privacy are considered in terms of globalizing power & meta-space (& the lack of moral order therein that blurs the public-private divide), suggesting that an authoritative public sphere is critical to protecting personal privacy & human rights. L. A. Hoffman