Suchergebnisse

The article examines the features of the Russian economy development in modern conditions as determined by the change in technological structures. The reason for this is the fact that one of the key factors influencing the transformation of the economy is the factors of scientific and technological progress adapting to the dominant technological order, which, in turn, has certain features: production technology, management, resource consumption, energy sources and others. This article uses the generally accepted four-phase model of the cycle, despite the existing viewpoints on it as a schematic and simplified approach. The sixth technological order (based on N. Kondratyev's long wave theory, S.Yu. Glazyev assumed it began in 2010) is characterized by the introduction of cyber-physical systems into all spheres of social life. The most pronounced deviations from the mainstream – driven by the change in technological structures – in the development of the Russian economy are noted. General indicators and groups of indicators are analyzed, namely: the share of innovative products in GDP; the share of the "digital economy" turnover in GDP; the share of people employed in knowledgeintensive/digital industries in the total number of people employed in the economy; number and dynamics of international patents in the digital sphere, including in the context of crosscountry comparisons, etc. The analysis shows that there is a systemic crisis in the national economy and proves that the persistence of backlogs is the main threat to the national and economic security of the country. At the same time, world rankings of states in the field of innovations and science-intensive technologies, as well as Russian scientific and educational systems' participation in such rankings can help in understanding the situation with the role of the national economy and with the lagging behind in global technological trends. Today, according to these ratings, only a small part of Russian universities meet the criteria of competitiveness. The so-called "brain drain" problem is added to the problem of lagging in innovative development: the Russian Federation is one of the world leaders (in a negative context, among countries with a comparable GDP level) in the field. However, the problem of leakage of highly qualified, primarily scientific and technical specialists, is typical for emerging economies, especially at the transformational stage. The scale of the "brain drain" cannot be measured accurately enough: for example, in all states that apply agreements on dual citizenship,accounting for external migration of scientific and technical personnel is objectively difficult.Another problem is low labor productivity. The problem is systemic and complex, as in many other cases of the observed lagging of the national economy behind world leaders since the Soviet period. However, universal solutions in the field of labor motivation, incentives to increase labor productivity have still not been found in the domestic practice. Western practices do not take root due to the inconsistency/underestimation of domestic cultural traditions and workers' mentality, and the adaptation of such techniques is very difficult. Overcoming the existing deviations is seen as a nationwide task, the solution of which requires the unification of efforts of the state, the business community, the scientific and educational world.

The article substantiates the approaches to the generation of social ideals and the ways of their fulfillment in the situation in which Russian society finds itself in the spring of 2022. The general characteristic of this situation is the development of society, which takes place in the mode of a jump-like transformation of its foundations. It is known that development is a change of the unchangeable. How can one think of new, qualitatively different forms of society's existence without an improved repetition of the known? How is it possible to think of a way into the Unknown, which threatens society's spiritual, moral and existential existence if not its physical one? Such questions arise for any thinking person, but with a special tension for those responsible for the step into the Unknown, which will permanently determine the fate of the people entrusted to them. The methodological approach to answering these and related questions consists in finding the conceptual foundations of existing and possible solutions about the long-term ideals of social development and justifying the very approaches to their development. It is shown that such foundations cannot arise in the course of deployment of ideas about the development that are proposed in economics, sociology, political science and other aspect evolutionary theories. The foundations for ideals of social development are found in the synthesis of discoveries of systemology, physical economics, quantum physics and cultural science based on its semantic-genetic concept. The author shows that the lines of development of these scientific approaches to comprehension of reality gradually converge in explaining the possibilities of humanity in creation of long-term stable trajectories of its existence. The result of the undertaken study of possible approaches to the choice of society's path to the future is the identification of three significantly different types, which can be deployed in the form of five ways of generating the social ideal. The possibilities of their fulfillment with a matured demand are substantiated.

Objective. The article aims to identify the impact of the pandemic (COVID-19) on the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Program. The program contains an attempt to coordinate the actions of the world community in the fight against global problems. The important aspects of human activity is agricultural land use. Experts believe that modern land use leads to even more pollution of the environment. The anthropogenic factor increases its influence. Population growth requires the intensification of agriculture to solve the problem of hunger on Earth. But, intensive forms of agricultural land use lead to a violation of the eco-balance. Methodology. The authors employ a systemic interdisciplinary approach, in the perspective to economy and political science, and drawing from discourse, context, and semantic analysis. The main data sources include, among many others, UN FAO and the Russian Statistics Service. Results. As a universal shock, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the agreements by the global elite. Treaties and arrangements aimed at sustainable global development turned counterproductive, with the viral and some other challenges drastically reducing the levels of cooperation. The pandemic has shifted the focus of national governments into playing ahead of the curve, and these actions are set to continue hindering the efficiency of solving worldwide problems. The authors argue that the global elite should apply some effort to streamlining such negative externalities. Scientific novelty. The authors substantiate their assumptions of the impossibility of solving the issue of anthropogenic influence if not connected with forecasted levels of population and life support technologies, an integral part being political agendas set by national governments.

An important element in strategic and operational planning, as well as in determining the positioning of an enterprise in market conditions, is an assessment of the sustainable development of companies. A sufficient level of assessment and forecasting of financial and economic indicators allows enterprises to identify key elements and opportunities for implementing the concept of sustainable development, which nowadays is a necessary and fundamental component and the basis for improving the efficiency of functioning. The article demonstrates an analysis of methods for assessing the financial and economic component of sustainable development. The authors are focused on the financial sector of the Environmental, Social, and Governance approach, as well as on the comparison of the author's sustainable development methods as the most important component of the functioning of a modern enterprise.