Suchergebnisse

The research "Use of pesticides in Fresh Water Aquaculture in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and impacts on environment and food safety" consisted of four sections. To evaluate the pressure of drugs and chemicals in the environment, two surveys were performed in the Mekong Delta. The first was focused on rice and rice-fish system and was conducted in 2009. The second, an in depth survey, conducted in 2013, focused on rice-fish, striped catfish and red-tilapia systems. Results showed that, for the rice-fish system, most rice fish farmers grew 2 rice crops and 1 fish crop per year. Pesticides were applied generally 3 times per crop. Farmers normally applied pesticides based on the recommended doses of producers. Chess 50WG (containing 500g/kg pymetrozine, produced by Syngenta, Vietnam), Bassa 50EC (containing 500g/L fenobucard, produced by Việt Thắng Bắc Giang (Vithaco), Vietnam) and Kinalux (containing 250g/L quinalphos, produced by United Phosphorus Ltd., India) were the most common used commercial pesticides in rice crop, rice-fish crop and distributors as well. According to the majority of the distributors, the use of pesticides will increase in future. The in-depth survey showed that much more active compounds were used in 2013 compared to 2009, but, all of the active compounds belonged to the approved list of Vietnamese government. Few farmers used chemicals during fish crop. Farmers reported their awareness towards the use of agrochemicals in terms of health effects. The survey showed that the farmers select an agrochemical based on their experience. The study on red-tilapia demonstrated that many different types of disinfectants and antimicrobials are used. Further, the cost-effectiveness of such pesticide use, especially for feed supplement products, antimicrobials and disinfectants, is questionable and should be assessed. There is an urgent need to improve the farmer's knowledge and their access to advisory services on careful use of disinfectants and antimicrobials. All visited striped catfish farms applied drugs and chemicals with seven types of antibiotics during the fish production. Enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim were reported to be the most used chemicals by farmers to treat Bacillary Necrosis of Pangasius (BNP). The survey and practical situation demonstrated that quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos were commonly used in rice fish system and, consequently, may contaminate aquaculture products. A Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical method was developed and validated according to European guidelines (SANTE/11945/2015) for the determination of residues of those pesticides in water. The developed method was then optimized using a gas chromatography – electron capture detector (GC ECD) technique to make the method more applicable in Vietnam. The developed method was used to analyze water samples collected from the aquaculture system in April 2013, at the beginning of the rainy season. Results showed that only 9 % of the total water samples analyzed contained residues of quinalphos, but only in water from rice fish systems. The other two pesticides, trifluralin and dichlorvos, were not detected. A comparison between GC-MS and GC-ECD indicated that GC-ECD is less sensitive than GC-MS. However, for samples with concentrations detectable with both techniques, no significant difference was observed between the results obtained using both equipments GC-ECD and GC-MS. The next step was to determine the distribution and elimination of quinalphos, the active substance of a popular insecticide used in the Mekong Delta, according to the first survey. An experiment was set up in a rice-fish integrated system in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Quinalphos was applied twice in a dose of 42.5 g per 1000 m2, according to the producer recommendations. Samples (fish, water and sediment) were collected at time intervals and were analyzed by GC-ECD. The results showed that quinalphos residues in fish muscles were much higher than those in the water and the bioconcentration factor (logBCF) was above 2 for the fish. The half-lives, after the first and second quinalphos applications, were 12.2 and 11.1 days for sediment, 2.5 and 1.1 days for silver barb, 1.9 and 1.3 days for common carp, and 1.1 and 1.0 days for water, respectively. Finally, as a case study including 3 commonly used pesticides (quinalphos, trifluralin and dichlorvos), dioxins and one forbidden antibiotic (chloramphenicol), the risk for the consumer, linked to the chemical contamination of the aquaculture related environment was evaluated. Sediments samples were collected including 10 samples collected from catfish ponds in An Giang Province and 12 samples randomly collected from rice-fish systems in Can Tho City. Analytical results showed that 3 from the 13 water samples collected from rice field were contaminated with low levels of quinalphos (with concentrations of 0.11, 0.08 and 0.04 μg/L). The other investigated pesticides were not detected in any sample. For chloramphenicol (CAM) residues in fish samples, analysis was performed on 36 fish samples of catfish (18 samples included 9 from small scale and 9 from large scale systems), snakehead (9 samples) and climbing perch (9 samples) collected at the beginning, middle and at the end of culture period. Results showed that one sample of climbing perch and one sample of snakehead were contaminated with traces of CAM (concentrations of 0.17 and 0.19 µg/kg, respectively). It appeared that CAM was not detected in catfish samples neither from the beginning to the end of the crop, nor from small and large scale systems. Dioxins were not detected in any of the collected sediments samples. In order to assess the general risk for the Vietnamese consumer of fish, a survey was performed in Can Tho City, using a questionnaire designed to collect information. A large part of interviewees (77%) stated that they like to eat fish. The number of days of eating fish was 3.4 days per week. In this study, the average amount of fish consumption ranged between 90 and 140 g per day. It was shown that the daily intake of trifluralin of interviewed people was 0.05 µg/kg body weight/day. This level of exposure was much lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) (15 µg/kg/day) (EFSA, 2015). However, trifluralin has not been approved in EU, so the presence of residues of trifluralin in aquatic product, even if they cause no problem for the consumer, would be a problem for aquatic product export.

Chapter1. The Sustainable Development of Green Space in the Tourism Zone of Moc Chau Mountains (Son La, Vietnam) -- Chapter2. Wooden Funeral Sculptures of the Jrai and Bahnar in the Vietnam Central Highlands: Conservation or Destruction?- Chapter3. Traditional Concepts on "Sustainability" in Vietnamese Culture and the Impacts on Forming Modern Values of Sustainable Development -- Chapter4. Educational Renovation in a Restructuring Society: Vietnam's Case Study -- Chapter5. Tourism Climate Indicators (TCI) Applied in Moc Chau District (Son La, Vietnam). Chapter6. Carbon Footprint of Vietnam's Small Urban Areas (A Case Study of Ha Dong District, Hanoi) -- Chapter7. Agriculture Land Conversion and Its Implications for Food Requirements and Farming in Vietnamese Northern Mountains -- Chapter8. Urban Exclusion: Theoretical Approaches and Emerging Trajectories for Vietnam -- Chapter9. Applying Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to Analyze Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of the Students of Vietnam National University, Hanoi -- Chapter10. Creating an Added-Value Capital of Forest Based on the Local Knowledge of Tai in Tuong Duong (Nghe An, Vietnam) -- Chapter11. Minimizing the Negative Effects of Irrigation and Hydropower System on Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection in the Huong River Basin -- Chapter12. Socio-Economic Development towards Sustainable Ecological Model in Vietnam -- Chapter13. Perennial Cropping System Development and Economic Performance of Perennial Cropping System in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam -- Chapter14. Sustainable Agriculture Development in Vietnam -- Chapter15. Community Participation in Urban Planning in Vietnam towards Sustainable Development - Prospects and Challenges -- Chapter16. Current Status and Impact of Imbalance of Sex Ratio at Birth in the Son La Province, Vietnam -- Chapter17. Obstacles in the Sustainable Development of Industry in Ethnic Minorities' Areas of Vietnamese Mekong Delta (Kien Giang and Can Tho) -- Chapter18. Integrating Sustainable Development into National Policy: The Practice of Vietnam -- Chapter19. Building Human Capital for Sustainable Development: Experience from Some East Asia Countries and Policy Implications for Vietnam -- Chapter20. Mapping Marine Functional Zoning for the Northern Tonkin Coastal Zone, Vietnam -- Chapter21. Rainfall Regime and Its Impact on Water Resources on Ly Son Island, Central Vietnam -- Chapter22. Factors Affecting Community Forest Management in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam -- Chapter23. Impacts of Urban Expansion on Landscape Pattern Changes: A Case Study of Da Nang City, Vietnam -- Chapter24. An Assessment of Pollution Load Capacity of Son La Hydropower Reservoir in the Northwest Mountains of Vietnam 40 -- Chapter25. An Approach for Prioritising Climate Change Mitigation Measures: A Case Study in Ho Chi Minh City -- Chapter26. Developing Agricultural Production of Ethnic Minority Households in the Context of Climate Change (Lak District, Dak Lak Province, Central Highland of Vietnam) -- Chapter27. Detecting Flash Flood Susceptible Areas Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model: A Case Study of Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam -- Chapter28. Implementing Agricultural Land Use Solutions to Adapt Climate Change in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta -- Chapter29. Geothermal Renewable Energy in Vietnam: A Current Status Overview and Proposing Solutions for Development -- Chapter30. Study on stand structure of secondary mangrove forest; Sonneratia caseolaris - Aegicerus corniculatum stand for introducing silvofishery systems to shrimp-culture ponds -- Chapter31. Evaluation the effectiveness of sheath blight disease controlling on rice caused by Rhizoctonia solani in green house condition by applying some biofungicides -- Chapter32. Consideration on the Use Sentinel-1 Radar Image and GIS for Flood Mapping in the Lai Giang River Basin of Binh Dinh Province (Central Coast Vietnam) -- Chapter33. Studying Shoreline Change in Ky Anh Coastal Area of Ha Tinh Province during 1989-2013 based on the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) -- Chapter34. How Do Yao Farmers Cope with Extreme Weather Events with Their Indigenous Knowledge? A Case Study of Mo Vang Mountains (Yen Bai, Vietnam) -- Chapter35. Multilevel Governance Roles in Land Use Change: Lessons for REDD+ from the Case Study in Nghe An Province, Vietnam -- Chapter36. Technical Efficiency of Irrigation Water Use of Robusta Coffee Production in the Dong Nai river basin (Vietnam): A case study of Lam Dong province -- Chapter37. Climate Change Vulnerability of Agriculture in Coastal Communes of Quang Tri Province, Vietnam -- Chapter38. A GIS Application in Optimizing the Collection and Transportation Route of Domestic Solid Waste in Hue City, Vietnam -- Chapter39. Water-Food-Energy Nexus in the Context of Climate Change: Develop a Water Security Index for Water Resources Management in Vietnam -- Chapter40. An Integrated Approach for Saltwater Intrusion Monitoring based on Remote Sensing combined with Multivariable Analysis: A Case Study of Coastal Zone in Southern Vietnam -- Chapter41. Diversity of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Hoang Lien - Van Ban Nature Reserve (Lao Cai, Vietnam): Implications for Local Livelihood Improvement and Biodiversity Conservation -- Chapter42. Quantify Forest Stand Volume Using SPOT 5 Satellite Image -- Chapter43. Evaluating Impact of Climate Change to Fishing Productivity of Vietnam: An Application of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Regression Model -- Chapter44. An Experimental Study on Using Biogas Slurry to Improve the Water Quality of Aqua-Culture Systems in Acid Sulfate Soil Areas -- Chapter45. Assessment of Saltwater Intrusion Vulnerability in the Coastal Aquifers in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam -- Chapter46. Integrating Climate Change Adaptation into Urban Planning of Vietnamese Coastal Towns toward Sustainable Development -- Chapter47. Mike Flood Application for Solving Inundation Issues for Ho Chi Minh City in The Context of Climate Change: A Case Study in the District 1 -- Chapter48. Enhancing the Efficiency of Land Dispute Mediation for Ethnic Minorities in Van Canh district (Binh Dinh, Vietnam) -- Chapter49. A Stakeholder Delphi Study on Local Communities Adaptation to Climate Change in the Coastal Area: Case Study in An Duong District (Hai Phong, Vietnam) -- Chapter50. Assessing Flash Flood Risks based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS): A Case Study of Hieu Catchment (Nghe An, Vietnam) -- Chapter51. Analysis and Prediction of Noise Pollution from Wind Turbines: A Case Study of Loi Hai Wind Power Plant (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam) -- Chapter52. An Environmental Zoning for Sustainable Development in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam -- Chapter53. Climate Change Vulnerability of Urban Development in the Phanrang-Thapcham (Ninh Thuan, Vietnam).

Chapter1. Valuing Heritage as A Public Good: An Application of Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) in Hoi An, Vietnam -- Chapter2. The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Commitment – The Case of Viettel Group -- Chapter3. Impacts of Economic Freedom on Economic Growth in Developing Countries -- Chapter4. The Effect of Government Size on Economic Growth and Technical Change -- Chapter5. Assessing Effects of FDI on Economic Growth via Impact on Domestic Firms in Vietnam -- Chapter6. The Kien Nguyen. Analysis the Factors Affecting Satisfaction of the Quality of Seafood Logistics in Vietnam -- Chapter7. Fight against Counterfeit Goods Related to IP Infringement: Criminal Perspective and Judiciary Role in Vietnam -- Chapter8. Vietnam and "Non-market economy" in the U.S Anti-dumping Law -- Chapter9. An Analysis of Supply Response of Black Tiger Shrimp Production Using Nerlove Model: A Case Study of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta -- Chapter10. Highly-Skilled Migration, Recognition and Motivation towards Knowledge Share with the Indigenous Co-Workers: Empirical Findings from the Vietnamese in the Laos Construction Sector -- Chapter11. Is Public Debt Good or Bad for Economic Growth? Fresh Evidence in Emerging Economies -- Chapter12. Factors Affecting Depositors' Behavior at commercial Banks in Northern Vietnam -- Chapter13. Determining the Impact of Financial Development on the Environment based on Biquadratic Equation in ASEAN Countries -- Chapter14. A Study on the Factors Affecting Intention Using Online Banking Services in Vietnam -- Chapter15. The Research on Interpolation Methods and Fitting Models for the Lorenz Curve -- Chapter16. Analyze the Differences in the Impact of FDI and Exports on Labor Productivity of Enterprises: the case of Vietnam -- Chapter17. A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Career Orientation for Students: A Case Study in Human Resource Management -- Chapter18. Downstream Market Equilibrium and Optimal Policy for the Conventional Food Distribution System in Vietnam: An Industrial Organization Analysis -- Chapter19. Compensation Policies and Employee Perceptions of Pay Equity in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Vietnamese State-Owned Enterprises -- Chapter20. Sustainable Agriculture for Hanoi City: An Application of Thünen's Agricultural Rings based on the Gravity Model -- Chapter21. Building a New Management Model for Vietnamese Higher Education Institutions based on the Made in Vietnam Lean Management -- Chapter22. Key Factor in the Made in Vietnam Lean Decision Making Method -- Chapter23. Empirical Research on the Influence Factors of Ecommerce Adoption among Ecommerce Companies in Vietnam -- Chapter24. Antecedents of Social Media Adoption: A Case Study of Individual Online Retailers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City -- Chapter25. Contribution of Industry to Labor Productivity Growth in Vietnam -- Chapter26. Improving the Competitiveness for Enterprises in Brand Recognition Based on Machine Learning Approach -- Chapter27. The Role of Official Development Assistance on the Development of Economic Infrastructure in Vietnam.-Chapter28. Relationship between Organizational and Employee Work Innovation: Mediation Role of Brand Support Behavior and Psychological Capital (Hotels in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam) -- Chapter29. Improving the Managerial Performance in the Context of Financial Autonomy: An empirical investigation in public education sector -- Chapter30. The Strategy of Vietnamese Business Associations in Knowledge Sharing for the Sustainable Development of Vietnam Businesses Community -- Chapter31. Macroeconomic Factors Affecting Merger and Acquisition (M&A) Activity in Vietnam -- Chapter32. A Comparative Analysis of Market Definition in Antitrust Law and WTO Law: Some Suggestions for Vietnam -- Chapter33. Website Marketing Activities in Healthcare Service Sector - A Case in Danang, Vietnam -- Chapter34. Valuing tourism landscapes in Ba Vi National Park (Vietnam) -- Chapter35. An Empirical Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Switching Intention from Cash Payment to Mobile Payment in Vietnam -- Chapter36. Trade facilitation and its impacts on Vietnam's trade. Chapter37. Value Chain Financing Approach: A Good Way to Sustainable Agricultural Growth in Vietnam -- Chapter38. Improving the Position of Ethnic Minority Women through the Policy of Credit Support for Poor Households: A Case Study of Northern Mountains of Vietnam -- Chapter39. Factor Affecting Financial Sustainability of People's Credit Fund in Vietnam's Mekong Delta Region -- Chapter40. In Search of Solutions for the Governance of the Rights of Migrant Workers in Southeast Asia: Regulatory Regionalism as a Reasonable Approach -- Chapter41. Towards Responsible Tourism in Vietnam: Critical Review and Implications for Future Research -- Chapter42. Fostering Sustainable Development by Eliminating Gender Stereotypes in Career Choice -- Chapter43. The Impact of Tourism Development on the Life of Residents in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam.

This study aims to examine the asymmetric relationship between trade openness and FDI (foreign direct investment) inflows to Vietnam by using NARDL (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag) during the period from 1997 to 2019. Our findings show that the influence of FDI on trade openness is asymmetric in the short-run and long-run. But the influence of trade openness on FDI is symmetric in the short-run and asymmetric in the long run.

Vietnam is in the process of developing into a middle-income country in the world. The widespread epidemic of covid-19 has had a negative impact on most Vietnam enterprises. However, the Vietnamese government's success in disease control has contributed to the recovery of business performance and efficiency. Vietnamese enterprises used to mobilize capital mainly through banking channels. In recent times, bonds are an important long-term capital mobilization tool for businesses, helping businesses reduce their dependence on commercial banks. This article mentions the development of the Vietnamese corporate bond market based on the experiences of several countries around the world.

Labor exports are currently considered among the most important foreign economic sectors, implying that they contribute to a country's economic development and serve as a strategic solution for employment creation. Therefore, with the support of data collected between 1992 and 2020, this paper proposes that labor exports contribute significantly to Vietnam's socio-economic development. This study also aims to employ the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), and Random Forest Regression (RFR) models to analyze labor migration forecasting in Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. The study results indicate that the BPNN model was able to achieve the highest accuracy regarding the actual labor exports. In terms of these accuracy metrics, this study will aid the Vietnamese government in establishing new legislation for Vietnamese migrant workers in order to improve the nation's economic development.

Pork is the most popular meat consumed in Vietnam and studies have shown high (28.6-44%) Salmonella contamination rates at the point of purchase, resulting in a high incidence rate of Salmonella related food borne disease. The high microbial contamination rate is attributed to poor hygiene practice in the pork value chain and the market-based approaches to improving the safety of pork in Vietnam, or SafePORK project has designed a set of interventions to improve the standard of practice which are due to be trialled in 2019. Behavioural economics and 'nudges' are defined as interventions with a low level of intrusiveness on personal choice which can be used to alter behaviour. While they have not yet been used for food safety in the pork value chain, some of the proposed interventions aim to alter actor's behaviour and thus could be amenable to 'nudging'. A previous research project to assess the potential of nudges to improve pork safety in Vietnam highlighted three main themes which could be used to influence actors within the value chain; 1) actors were most influenced by people they respected, which within the study groups were found to be veterinarians and actor's peers, 2) actor's reputation was regarded as an important incentive, and 3) salient visual methods of displaying information were found to be a commonly used method of delivering information in existing food safety interventions. A stakeholder workshop supported by the SafePORK project, the International Livestock Research Institute and the Royal Veterinary College was held in Hanoi to gain a better understanding of the slaughterhouse and retail processes to ascertain which nudges could be used to support the proposed interventions, and to discuss the practical aspects of implementing nudges. Participants included actors (n=32) from various parts of the pork value chain, including slaughterhouse workers, retailers, veterinarians, government officials, and researchers. During the workshop participants were separated into small groups and took part in group discussions to explore the slaughterhouse and retail processes and discuss the feasibility of using nudges to change actors' behaviours. Participants were shown several potential nudges (posters, arrows and footprints) and asked to evaluate these through discussion and a scoring exercise. After each activity a plenary session took place to allow dissemination of feedback to the entire group. The workshop found that the slaughterhouse workers and retailers appeared to be aware of the major issues surrounding foodborne disease in their industry, highlighting, during the discussions, many of the key points in the pork production chain where meat contamination with microorganisms can occur. The concept of using posters to display information was well received by the workshop participants. Both positive and negative framing of information were thought to be effective, the choice of which dependent on the target audience. However, when scored by participants, the negatively framed posters scored significantly higher than the positively framed posters, indicating a greater anticipated impact on actor's behaviour. All participants discussed the need to have site specific photos to reflect the real context of the setting to increase engagement with the media. When considering the effect of colour on salience; red was considered dirtiest, yellow, orange, and purple considered neutral colours, and green and blue considered the cleanest colours. The participants thought that the prospect of upscaling nudges to a broader audience of retailers and consumers could be implemented but would need to be supported by competent food safety authorities. Using the findings from this workshop, site specific nudges should be created to support specific SafePORK interventions, which at this stage are likely to be in the form of informational posters. Ideally, in addition to testing the interventions in a randomly controlled trial, the nudges would be similarly tested to allow assessment of their effectiveness. Further investigation, such as trialling the use of footprints and arrows in slaughterhouse environments, is needed to ascertain the practicality of using these nudge concepts to designate clean and dirty zones. ; Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research