Suchergebnisse

Onlangs stuitte ik op Mark Granovetters artikel The problem of embeddedness, dat in 1985 verscheen in The American Journal of Sociology. Voor sociaal wetenschappers is dat probleem er al lang niet meer. Het behoort tot de leerstellingen van de sociale wetenschappen dat al het handelen
is ingebed in sociale relaties. Zie nou dit nummer van Mens & Maatschappij: twee artikelen gaan over de rol van familierelaties in belangrijke sociale processen. Een derde artikel borduurt voort op die andere grootmeester van de sociale inbedding, Pierre Bourdieu. Daar heeft de redactie
geen hand in gehad; het is een willekeurige steekproef uit de Nederlandstalige sociale wetenschappen. Klassen, sociale structuren, instituties en organisaties: uiteindelijk blijven ze in stand, doordat mensen elkaar kennen of niet; elkaar vertrouwen of wantrouwen; iets gunnen of ontzeggen.
En die processen spelen zich grotendeels af binnen en door de persoonlijke relaties die mensen met elkaar hebben. Je bent wie je kent.

Too late for marriage? Normative constraints on marriage timing in a disruptive period in The Netherlands . Using marriage timing and marriage market theories, three hypotheses have been formulated linking cultural norms to the timing of first marriage of Dutch men and women during
and after the economic Depression and the Second World War. Event history analyses on retrospective survey data among 4,494 Dutch men and women born between 1903 and 1937 confirm that both men and women experienced age-related delays from the Depression and the war. Women were more likely
than men to stay single, probably because the male gender role allowed for compensating advanced age by good economic prospects.

AbstractBackgroundEarlier studies show that to gain more understanding of the concept of social inclusion, the views and experiences of people with intellectual disabilities are needed. The aim of this study was to investigate their perspective on neighbourhood social inclusion from an ecological point of view.MethodWe carried out a photovoice study with 18 people with intellectual disabilities in three neighbourhoods in the Netherlands. Participants took photographs in their neighbourhood they considered relevant, and these photographs were discussed during an interview.ResultsSix themes emerged from qualitative analysis: attractiveness of the neighbourhood, social contacts in the neighbourhood, activities in the neighbourhood, social roles in the neighbourhood, independence and public familiarity.ConclusionsAs regards neighbourhood social inclusion, participants were often focused on small and informal activities and situations. Public familiarity proved very important. Framing the concept of neighbourhood social inclusion within an ecological approach may help to better understand processes of social inclusion.

BackgroundNeighbours play an important role in the social inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities. Neighbouring in general might help understand the social interactions between neighbours with and without intellectual disabilities. Our study focuses on gaining insight into neighbouring patterns and how people with intellectual disabilities fit in them.Method26 interviews were conducted with 29 neighbours of people with intellectual disabilities on their norms and behaviours towards neighbours with and without disabilities.ResultsFour patterns were identified: feeling an outsider, fleeting contacts, individualized neighbourliness and sense of community.DiscussionParticipants perceived neighbours with intellectual disabilities as different: they are difficult to approach and show inappropriate behaviour. The groups shared most general perceptions, but there were differences. The first two groups mostly had fleeting encounters, whereas the last groups seemed more open to communal activities and assisting neighbours. In enhancing social inclusion, staff should be aware of these neighbouring patterns.

BackgroundIn studies involving people with intellectual disabilities, photovoice is increasingly used to include the voice of participants. Analysing existing literature, the present authors found that photovoice was used in various forms with different outcomes. These studies describe both obstructing and facilitating factors. The present authors designed a more standardized approach of photovoice and developed an alternative strategy: "guided photovoice."MethodThe "guided photovoice" approach was tested on fourteen participants with intellectual disabilities. The outcomes of the approach were evaluated.ResultsThe effectiveness of the approach varied with the participants' capabilities and needs. Some participants were talked more while taking photographs, others told their story easily during the interviews. The use of follow‐up questions was helpful to deepen the interview.ConclusionsA more standardized, guided photovoice approach is a helpful addition to the various options for using photovoice; it is important to decide which approach best fits the needs and capabilities of the participants.

AbstractUsing the convoy model (R. L. Kahn & T. C. Antonucci, 1980), this study examined the differential impact of relocation, depending on the distance moved, on the size of 3 types of role networks. A total of 890 Dutch nonmovers and 445 movers (aged 55–86 years) were selected from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Results of analyses of variance showed that the neighbor networks changed most after relocation. Long‐distance movers discontinued the largest number of relationships with fellow club members. As expected, moving did not affect coworker networks. The findings show that, consistent with the convoy model, role networks proved to be unstable. Older adults, however, restored their partial networks at the second observation by starting new relationships.

AbstractRelationships with neighbors are considered exchange relationships, in which the continuation of exchanges depends on balance in previous exchanges. Our study tested whether this is the case. An exchange relationship implies that neighbor relationships are isolated units. We expected, however, that neighborhood integration also affects the continuation of exchange among neighbors. Data were from a longitudinal study among 1,692 independently living Dutch adults of ages 55 to 85 years at baseline and their 7,415 relationships with proximate network members. At a four–year follow–up, both perceived balance and neighborhood integration at baseline increased the chance of instrumental support exchange occurring. We concluded that it is too limited to view relationships between neighbors as exchange relationships, as these relationships are embedded in larger communities, where such communities exist.

As the drive towards creating age-friendly cities grows, this important book provides a comprehensive survey of theories and policies aimed at improving the quality of life of older people living in urban areas. In this book, part of the Ageing in a Global Context series, leading international researchers critically assess the problems and the potential of designing age-friendly environments. The book considers the different ways in which cities are responding to population ageing, the different strategies for developing age-friendly communities, and the extent to which older people themselves can be involved in the co-production of age-friendly policies and practices. The book includes a manifesto for the age-friendly movement, focused around tackling social inequality and promoting community empowerment