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Evaluation of community-based AIDS education and risk reduction projects in ethnic and racial minority communities: A survey of projects funded by the U.S. public health service
In: Evaluation and Program Planning, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 247-255
Evaluation of Community-Based AIDS Education and Risk Reduction Projects in Ethnic and Racial Minority Communities: A Survey of Projects Funded by the U.S. Public Health Service
In: Evaluation and program planning: an international journal, Band 14, Heft 4, S. 247-255
ISSN: 0149-7189
Extended School Year: Legal Issues and Implications
In: The journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps: JASH, Band 18, Heft 1, S. 16-27
Much of the research and material published on the extended school year (ESY) to date has failed to provide comprehensive and accurate information on determining eligibility and the need for ESY services for children with disabilities. Eligibility for ESY can be based on several criteria, including individual need, nature and severity of the disability, educational benefit, regression and recoupment, self-sufficiency and independence, and failing to meet short-term goals and objectives. An examination of the ESY case law history reveals that it is difficult to determine "judicially manageable standards" for the various categories of eligibility. Therefore, decisions regarding ESY are based on an assimilation of criteria, particularly when considering ESY for children with severe disabilities. This article provides a thorough (exhaustive) review of the legal issues, including statutory and case law, and practical guidelines that will assist educators in their efforts to comply with federal statutes.
Exploring key indicators of social identity in the #MeToo era: Using discourse analysis in UGC
In: International journal of information management, Band 54, S. 102129
ISSN: 0268-4012
Gaining a deeper understanding of nutrition using social networks and user-generated content
In: Internet interventions: the application of information technology in mental and behavioural health ; official journal of the European Society for Research on Internet Interventions (ESRII) and the International Society for Research on Internet Interventions (ISRII), Band 20, S. 100312
ISSN: 2214-7829
Roll Call Voting Behavior of the U.S. Senate on Selected Health Legislation 1973–1982: Implications for Health Education
In: American journal of health promotion, Band 2, Heft 2, S. 22-36
ISSN: 2168-6602
Hypertension Prevalence, Treatment, and Related Behaviors Among Asian Americans: An Examination by Method of Measurement and Disaggregated Subgroups
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 6, Heft 3, S. 584-593
ISSN: 2196-8837
The Urban Context: A Place to Eliminate Health Disparities and Build Organizational Capacity
In: Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 77-92
ISSN: 1540-7330
Commentary: Critical Race Theory Training to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities: The Public Health Critical Race Praxis Institute
In: Ethnicity & disease: an international journal on population differences in health and disease patterns, Band 28, Heft Supp 1, S. 279
ISSN: 1945-0826
<p class="Pa6"> Racism is a fundamental cause of racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes. Researchers have a critical role to play in confronting racism by understanding it and intervening on its impact on the health and well-being of minority populations. This requires new paradigms and theoretical frameworks that are responsive to structural racism's present-day influence on health, health disparities, and research. To address the complexity with which racism influences both health and the production of knowledge about minority populations, the field must accelerate the professional development of researchers who are committed to eliminating racial and ethnic health disparities and achieving health equity. In this commentary, we describe a unique and vital training experience, the Public Health Critical Race Praxis Institute at the University of Maryland's Center for Health Equity. Through this training institute, we have focused on the experiential knowledge of diverse researchers committed to examining racism and trained them on putting racism at the forefront of their research agendas. The Institute brought together investigators from across the United States, including junior and senior faculty as well as postdoctoral fellows. The public health critical race methodology was purposefully used to structure the Institute's curriculum, which instructed the scholars on Critical Race Theory as a framework in research. During a 2.5-day training in February 2014, scholars participated in activities, attended presentations, joined in reflections, and interacted with Institute faculty. The scholars indicated a strong desire to focus on race and racism and adopt a Public Health Critical Race Praxis framework by utilizing Critical Race Theory in their research. <em></em></p><p class="Pa6"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(Suppl 1):279-284; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.279.</p>
Racial Discrimination and Health-Related Quality of Life: An Examination Among Asian American Immigrants
In: Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities: an official journal of the Cobb-NMA Health Institute, Band 9, Heft 4, S. 1262-1275
ISSN: 2196-8837
Polarization and Belief Dynamics in the Black and White Communities: An Agent-Based Network Model from the Data
Public health care interventions—regarding vaccination, obesity, and HIV, for example—standardly take the form of information dissemination across a community. But information networks can vary importantly between different ethnic communities, as can levels of trust in information from different sources. We use data from the Greater Pittsburgh Random Household Health Survey to construct models of information networks for White and Black communities--models which reflect the degree of information contact between individuals, with degrees of trust in information from various sources correlated with positions in that social network. With simple assumptions regarding belief change and social reinforcement, we use those modeled networks to build dynamic agent-based models of how information can be expected to flow and how beliefs can be expected to change across each community. With contrasting information from governmental and religious sources, the results show importantly different dynamic patterns of belief polarization within the two communities.
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"I'm a Little More Trusting": Components of Trustworthiness in the Decision to Participate in Genomics Research for African Americans
In: Public health genomics, Band 22, Heft 5-6, S. 215-226
ISSN: 1662-8063
<b><i>Aims:</i></b> This study sought to explore the decision to participate in genomics research for African American individuals. Our overall goal was to explore (1) the attributes that significantly contribute to willingness to participate in genomics research; (2) how these attributes are interpreted (what is their meaning?); (3) how trustworthiness is estimated in the decision to participate in research (i.e., what are the symbolic representations or heuristics of trustworthiness in decision-making?); and (4) how participants see factors to counterweigh each other. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We sought a methodology that would afford exploration of the compensatory nature of decision-making where some choice attributes may be weighed differently than others as well as the use of heuristics (shortcuts to estimate key concepts in the mentally taxing task of decision-making) for concepts such as trustworthiness. We used a qualitative story deck to create hypothetical research scenarios with variable attributes (i.e., researcher race/ethnicity; institutional affiliation; research goal; and biospecimen requested) to determine how individuals find and interpret information to make decisions about research participation. These semi-structured interviews (<i>n</i> = 82) were conducted in African American barbershops in Baltimore City and Prince George's County, Maryland. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Quantitative and qualitative analysis was completed. Findings include that, even in the absence of interpersonal connection, trustworthiness can be communicated through multiple factors, such as (1) shared values with researchers and (2) familiarity. Conversely, (1) ambiguity, especially regarding the use of biospecimens, (2) negative reputations, and (3) perceptions of "hidden agendas" were associated with a lower willingness to participate. However, the alignment of participant and research goals was weighed more heavily in decisions than other factors. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This study finds that negatively assessed characteristics in research design do not result in automatic rejections of participation. Negative assessments can be mitigated by emphasizing the multiple factors that communicate trustworthiness in the consent process, which may improve rates of research participation.
"My Blood, You Know, My Biology Being out There…": Consent and Participant Control of Biological Samples
In: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: JERHRE ; an international journal, Band 19, Heft 1-2, S. 3-15
ISSN: 1556-2654
The widespread and persistent underrepresentation of groups experiencing health disparities in research involving biospecimens is a barrier to scientific knowledge and advances in health equity. To ensure that all groups have the opportunity to participate in research and feel welcome and safe doing so, we must understand how research studies may be shaped to promote inclusion. In this study, we explored the decision to participate in hypothetical research scenarios among African American adults (n = 169) that varied on the basis of four attributes (form of consent, reason for research, institutional affiliation and race of the researcher). Findings indicate that participants were largely willing to contribute to biobanks but significantly preferred opportunities where they had control over the use of their biological samples through tiered or study-specific forms of consent. Broad consent procedures, although common and perhaps preferred by participants with high trust in researchers, may amount to an exclusionary practice.
Improving Informed Consent with Minority Participants: Results from Researcher and Community Surveys
In: Journal of empirical research on human research ethics: JERHRE ; an international journal, Band 7, Heft 5, S. 44-55
ISSN: 1556-2654
Strengthening the informed consent process is one avenue for improving recruitment of minorities into research. This study examines that process from two different perspectives, that of researchers and that of African American and Latino community members. Through the use of two separate surveys, we compared strategies used by researchers with the preferences and attitudes of community members during the informed consent process. Our data suggest that researchers can improve the informed consent process by incorporating methods preferred by the community members along with methods shown in the literature for increasing comprehension. With this approach, the informed consent process may increase both participants' comprehension of the material and overall satisfaction, fostering greater trust in research and openness to future research opportunities.